Anxiety Flashcards
In agoraphobia the fear is due to being unable to escape when experiencing (3 things):
- panic symptoms 2. incapacitating behavior (falling) 2. embarrassing (incontinence)
What are three things agoraphobics do when faced with agoraphobic situations?:
- avoid 2. endure distressed 3. require a companion
In panic disorder what are the two features of the panic attacks?
- unexpected 2. recurrent
Most common phobia?
animals
How likely is OCD to affect men vs women?
M= F in adults, M> F in adolescence
Mean age of onset of OCD?
early 20s
What is a potential OCD result of Group A hemolytic step infections?
rheumatic fever and 10-30% will develop Sydenham’s chorea and show OCD sx.
Which parts of the brain are involved in OCD?
Increased activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, caudate, thalamus and cingulum.
Smaller caudates
What is the most common obsession?
contamination
What (two) types of neurosx is used in OCD tx?
cingulotomy or capsuolotomy
What components of OCD are treated by CBT and ERP respectively?
CBT- obsessions, ERP- compulsions
Most common imagined defect in body dysmorphic?
Hair followed closely by nose=skin
Is YBOS used to diagnose?
No, just symptom severity
What is YBOS scored out of?
40
Is YBOS clinican or pt completed?
Clinician
Is d-cycloserine a panicogen?
No, opposite effect
How many people who develop PTSD had ASD?
50%
Should you debrief a trauma?
No
What % of people with PTSD have a co-morbidity?
60% have 2-3 co-morbidities
Are SSRIs and EMDR as effective in the combat pop for PTSD?
No, less
What happends in the Broca’s region during flashbacks?
Decreased activity
Which parts of the brain have increased activation in PTSD?
Right brain, amygdala
What effect does the stress from PTSD have on the hippocampus?
lower volumes
What is the difference bw implosive therapy vs systematic desensitization in PTSD?
intense vs graded
In children is OCD acute or gradual in onset?
gradual
Which side of the brain is most activated in PTSD?
right
Minimum amount of time before PTSD can be dx?
1 mo
Explain classical conditioning
When a response to a neutral stimulus is conditioned via a unconditioned stimulus.
Explain operant conditioning
Conditioning that makes an association bw a behavior and a consequence.
What is a negative reinforcer
The desired behavior increases in an attempt to stop the reinforcer (i.e. nagging)
What is negative punishment?
The undesired behavior decreases by taking something away (drivers license)
What is positive punishment?
The undesired behavior decreases by adding something (beating)
What is abreaction in PTSD tx?
Experiencing the affect
Three neurotransmitters associated with anxiety?
NE, 5HT, GABA
What is the first and second most common co-morbidity to OCD?
- MDD 2. social phobia
What is a unique symptom of OCD?
compulsions
Most common anxiety d/o?
specific phobia
PANDA causing OCD is most common in which gender
little boys
which gender does body dysmorphic d/o affect more?
M=F
what is the Cannon’s hypothesis
that a stimulus can prompt both an emotional and physical rxn
Percent who respond to first ssri treatment for ocd?
40-60%
