antiviral treatment Flashcards
what is treatment for VZV
acyclovir
or valacyclovir
PO/IV
how do you treat HSV encephalitis
medical emergency
IV acyclovir 10mg/kg TDS without waiting for test results
when do you treat VZV
chickenpox in adults
shingles in adults >50 (post-herpetic neuralgia)
what is the presentation of CMV on blood smear
owl’s eye inclusions
how do you treat CMV
galancyclovir IV
valgancyclovir
how do you treat EBV in post transplant lymphoprolifetative disease
reduce immunosuppression
RITUXIMAB (anti CD20)
what does EBV cause in immunocompromised
lymphoprolifetative disease
what does RSV cause
bronchiolitis
how can you treat RSV
rivavarin
IVIG
what do you use for RSV prophylaxis
Pavilizumab
explain the process of BK virus infectionq
childhood infection causes minimal symptoms
lifelong carriage in kidneys and urinary tract
if immunocompro
what can BK cause in BM transplant patient s
haermorrhagic cystitis
what can BK cause in renal transplant patients
BK nephritis
what is tx for BK haemorrhagic cystitis
bladder washout
reduce immunosuppression
cidofovir IV
what is tx for BK nephropaty
IVIG
reduce immunosuppression
what are the risks in CMV transmission depending on the type of transplant?
If solid organ transplant: risk if +ve donor, -ve recepient
if SC transplant: risk if -ve donor, +ve recepient
what does EBV cause in HIV patients
hairy leukoplakia
lymphoma
what are the three types of flu that affect humans each year
Influenza A H1: peaks beginning on Jan
Influenza A H1N1: peaks end of december
Influenza B: peaks March
what is the natural reservoir for influenza A
ducks
Why was bird flu (H1N1) transmission between humans improbable
because virus does not replicate well at cold temperatures of upper airways
What is the influenza vaccine made up of
TRIVALENT: purified fractions of HA and NA of INACTIVATED virus
Whaat is the function of HA and NA
Haemagglutinin: HI
- allows entry of virus via binding to saialic acid receptors
Neuraminidase: NA
- cleaves host salicilic acid > exit cell
What is an antigenic drift
Mutations occurring in HA/NA to give new strains of the virus
These mutations are basic, gradual > only beneficial ones are selected
WHat is antigenic shift
Complete change of HA/NA
Occurs when two different viruses attack the same host cell
So when they repackage into new virus the 8 genome segments are randomly selected and will be a mixture of the two
> FAST and DRASTIC mutation
