Antiviral Drugs

Question 1

What is required for a virus to be able to replicate inside a cell?

Answer 1

Attachment, entry, mRNA production, protein and genome synth. Virion Assembly, Egress.

Question 2

What viruses are included in herpesviruses?

Answer 2

Herpes Simplex 1 and 2
Varicella Zoster Virus
Cytomegalovirus.

Question 3

What is the MOA of Acyclovir?

Answer 3

Nucleoside Analog. Requires initial phosphorylation. Inhibits viral DNA Pol. Chain termination upon incorporation into viral DNA

Question 4

What is the use of Acyclovir?

Answer 4

Oral admin. Genital Herpes. Varicella Zoster.

IV admin. Severe Mucocutaneous disease, neonate infections, HSV encephalitis, VZV in immunocompromized.

Question 5

What are the adverse effects of Acyclovir?

Answer 5

Nausea, HEadache, diarrhea. Nephrotoxicity.

Question 6

What is the use of Valacyclovir?

Answer 6

Prodrug of Acyclovir.

Question 7

What are the theraputic indications for Foscarnet?

Answer 7

HSV and VZV infections that are resistant to acyclovir.

Question 8

What is the Adverse effects of Foscarnet?

Answer 8

Renal impairment.

Question 9

MOA of Gancyclovir?

Answer 9

Acyclic Guanosine Analouge. Inhibits viral DNA Pol.

Question 10

Theraputic indications of Gancyclovir?

Answer 10

CMV Retinitis, CMV colitis, Dec. risk of CMV in transplant pts.

Question 11

Adverse effects of Gancyclovir?

Answer 11

Myelosupression, BM and CNS tox.

Question 12

Purpose of Valgancyclovir?

Answer 12

Prodrug of Gancyclovir. Prevention. Treatment of CMV retinitis.

Question 13

MOA of Trifluridine?

Answer 13

Inhibitor of thymidine.

Question 14

What are the complications of Influenza disease?

Answer 14

Pnumonia: Primary viral or secondary bacterial.

Question 15

MOA of Oseltamivir?

Answer 15

Sialic acid analoge
Prodrug
Binds AS of neuraminidase.

Question 16

What are the theraputic indications of oseltamivir?

Answer 16

Influenza A and B. prophylaxis for flu.

Question 17

Adverse effects of neuraminidase inhibitors?

Answer 17

Nausea, vomiting, rarely neuro effects.

Question 18

Theraputic indications of Zanamivir?

Answer 18

Sialic acid analoge

similar to oseltamivir except for 7 and older.

Question 19

Adverse effects of Zanamivir?

Answer 19

Cough, Bronchospasm, Nasal and throat discomfort. Cont. in pts with pulm. disease.

Question 20

Which Flu drug doesn’t cause much resistance?

Answer 20

Zanamivir.

Question 21

What is the treatment for RSV?

Answer 21

Ribavirin

Question 22

What are the adverse effects of Ribavarin?

Answer 22

Hemolytic anemia. Depression, fatigue, rash, cough.

Question 23

Theraputic indications for Ribavarin?

Answer 23

Aerosolized for severe resp illness due to RSV.

Question 24

How is Hepatitis C transmitted?

Answer 24

Percutaneous exposure, contaminated blood, sexual transmission.

Question 25

Which Hep C drugs are NS3/4a protease inhibitors?

Answer 25

paritaprevir

simprevir

Question 26

Which Hep C drugs are RNA Pol inhibitors?

Answer 26

sofosbuvir and dasabuvir

Question 27

Which Hep C drugs are HCV NS5A inhibitors?

Answer 27

ledipasivir and omitasvir

Question 28

Why are HSV drugs used in combination?

Answer 28

Resistance develops quickly when monotherapy is used.

Question 29

What drug combo is in Harvioni?

Answer 29

Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir

Question 30

What is simeprivir combined with?

Answer 30

sofospuvir or ribavarin, and interferon.

Question 31

What is the MOA of Sofosbuvir?

Answer 31

Incorporated in to RNA chain causing premature termination.

Question 32

Considerations for using RNA Pol inhibitors?

Answer 32

Dont combine with rifampin or St. Johns wort (other p-glycoprotein)

Question 33

What is the MOA of Dasabuvir?

Answer 33

Targets the palm domain of the RNA dependant RNAPolymerase. Viral life cycle stops!