Antiviral Drugs Flashcards
What is required for a virus to be able to replicate inside a cell?
Attachment, entry, mRNA production, protein and genome synth. Virion Assembly, Egress.
What viruses are included in herpesviruses?
Herpes Simplex 1 and 2
Varicella Zoster Virus
Cytomegalovirus.
What is the MOA of Acyclovir?
Nucleoside Analog. Requires initial phosphorylation. Inhibits viral DNA Pol. Chain termination upon incorporation into viral DNA
What is the use of Acyclovir?
Oral admin. Genital Herpes. Varicella Zoster.
IV admin. Severe Mucocutaneous disease, neonate infections, HSV encephalitis, VZV in immunocompromized.
What are the adverse effects of Acyclovir?
Nausea, HEadache, diarrhea. Nephrotoxicity.
What is the use of Valacyclovir?
Prodrug of Acyclovir.
What are the theraputic indications for Foscarnet?
HSV and VZV infections that are resistant to acyclovir.
What is the Adverse effects of Foscarnet?
Renal impairment.
MOA of Gancyclovir?
Acyclic Guanosine Analouge. Inhibits viral DNA Pol.
Theraputic indications of Gancyclovir?
CMV Retinitis, CMV colitis, Dec. risk of CMV in transplant pts.
Adverse effects of Gancyclovir?
Myelosupression, BM and CNS tox.
Purpose of Valgancyclovir?
Prodrug of Gancyclovir. Prevention. Treatment of CMV retinitis.
MOA of Trifluridine?
Inhibitor of thymidine.
What are the complications of Influenza disease?
Pnumonia: Primary viral or secondary bacterial.
MOA of Oseltamivir?
Sialic acid analoge
Prodrug
Binds AS of neuraminidase.
What are the theraputic indications of oseltamivir?
Influenza A and B. prophylaxis for flu.
Adverse effects of neuraminidase inhibitors?
Nausea, vomiting, rarely neuro effects.
Theraputic indications of Zanamivir?
Sialic acid analoge
similar to oseltamivir except for 7 and older.
Adverse effects of Zanamivir?
Cough, Bronchospasm, Nasal and throat discomfort. Cont. in pts with pulm. disease.
Which Flu drug doesn’t cause much resistance?
Zanamivir.
What is the treatment for RSV?
Ribavirin
What are the adverse effects of Ribavarin?
Hemolytic anemia. Depression, fatigue, rash, cough.
Theraputic indications for Ribavarin?
Aerosolized for severe resp illness due to RSV.
How is Hepatitis C transmitted?
Percutaneous exposure, contaminated blood, sexual transmission.
Which Hep C drugs are NS3/4a protease inhibitors?
paritaprevir
simprevir
Which Hep C drugs are RNA Pol inhibitors?
sofosbuvir and dasabuvir
Which Hep C drugs are HCV NS5A inhibitors?
ledipasivir and omitasvir
Why are HSV drugs used in combination?
Resistance develops quickly when monotherapy is used.
What drug combo is in Harvioni?
Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir
What is simeprivir combined with?
sofospuvir or ribavarin, and interferon.
What is the MOA of Sofosbuvir?
Incorporated in to RNA chain causing premature termination.
Considerations for using RNA Pol inhibitors?
Dont combine with rifampin or St. Johns wort (other p-glycoprotein)
What is the MOA of Dasabuvir?
Targets the palm domain of the RNA dependant RNAPolymerase. Viral life cycle stops!
