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Microbial Pharmacology > Antibacterial: General Drug and Resistance Mechanisms > Flashcards

Antibacterial: General Drug and Resistance Mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

Do G+ Bacteria have a thick or thin peptidoglycan layer?

A

Thick

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2
Q

Do G- Bacteria have a thick or thin peptidoglycan layer?

A

Thin

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3
Q

What is the Makeup of LPS?

A

Phospholipid and Polysaccharide

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4
Q

What is the Bacterial Cell wall composed of?

A

Peptidoglycan

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5
Q

What is the difference between prokariotic and eukariotic cell membrane?

A

Sterols in Eukariotic CM

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6
Q

What is the Purpose of LPS in G- bacteria?

A

Prevents penetration of bulky, high molecular wt antibiotics, erythromycin.

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7
Q

What is the Purpose of Lipid bilayer in G- bacteria?

A

Greatly reduces penetration of Water soluable drugs

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8
Q

What is the Purpose of the hydrophilic pores in G- bacteria?

A

Allows penetration of Water sol. molecules up to 650 daltons (sulfonamides)

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9
Q

What is the Purpose of the nutrient receptor pores on the outer membrane in G- bacteria?

A

Agents sturcturally related to nutrients use these receptors.

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10
Q

What is the Purpose of the Teichoic Acid in G+ bacteria?

A

Strong anionic character affects rate of penetration

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11
Q

What is the Purpose of the Lipid bilayer of the cytoplasmic memrane in G+ bacteria?

A

Rate of penetration depends on lipophilicity

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12
Q

What is the Purpose of the nutrient transport protiens on the cytoplasmic membrane in G+ bacteria?

A

Facilitated rapid penetration of agents similar in structure
Cyclosporine, phosphomycin, tetracycline

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13
Q

What is the MBC?

A

Minimum Bacteriocidal/Bacteriostatic Concentration

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14
Q

What is Pre-Emptive Therapy?

A

Treatment of succeptible patients that don’t yet have symptoms.

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15
Q

What is the difference between Empirical and Definitive therapy?

A

Empirical: Don’t know organism
Definitive: Know the organism

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16
Q

What are the Nosocomial Superbugs?

ESKAPE

A 
Enterococcus faecium
Staphylococcus aureus
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Acinetobacter baumanii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Enterobacter sp.
17
Q

What is the style of resistance daptomycin?

A

Reduced drug entry into the organism

18
Q

How does the bacteria reduce entry of Abtx?

A

Overall increase in the net positive membrane charge

19
Q

What is the style of resistance tetracycline?

A

Increased drug export

20
Q

What is the style of resistance Metronidazoe?

A

Change in activation of Pro-Drug.

21
Q

How is Metronidazole activated y bacterial clls?

A

Reduced

22
Q

What is the style of resistance of Aminoglycosides (streptomycin)?

A

Expression of ezymes that destroy the drug

23
Q

What is the style of resistance of amoxicillin?

A

B-Lactamase breaks the B-Lactam ring.

24
Q

How is B-Lactamase blocked?

A

Clavulonic Acid (Augmentin)

25
Q

What is the style of resistance Trimethoprim and Sulfonamides?

A

Impaired drug binding to the original target

26
Q

What is the style of resistance vancomycin?

A

New or different pathways that aren’t inhibited by the drug. (Cell wall synthesis)

Microbial Pharmacology (13 decks)

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