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Microbial Pharmacology > Antiparasitic Chemotherapy > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Chemotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Why is it harder to treat parasitic infections than bacterial?

A

Limited targets for Antiparasitic drugs.

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2
Q

What are the 3 targets for antiparasitic chemotherapy?

A
  1. Ez processes only in parasities
  2. Ez in Host and parasite but vital only in parasite
  3. Commonbiochemical functions in para and host but different Pharm Properties.
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3
Q

What drug Can treat Giardia, Amebiasis, and Trichomoniasis?

A

Metronidozol

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4
Q

What are examples of Parasitic Intestinal and Luminal infections that are treated by Metronidozol?

A

Giardia, Amebiasis, and Trichomoniasis

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5
Q

Which 2 intestinal parasites have 2 forms?

A

Entamoeba and Giardia

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6
Q

What Ez in parasites allows them to be anaerobic?

A

PFOR(Pyruvate; ferrodoxin oxidoreductase)

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7
Q

How do parasites activate Metronidozol?

A

PFOR Reduces and radicalizes the drug after which it can do damage. It diverts electrons from the normal Energy yielding pathways.

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8
Q

What are side effects of Metronidozol?

A

Metallic Taste. Makes them vomit after drinking alcohol.

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9
Q

How is Metronidazol given in Trichomoniasis?

A

Topical or Vaginal Suppository if oral doesn’t work. Sexual partners need simultaneous treatment!

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10
Q

What needs to be given after Metronidozol treatment in Amebiasis?

A

A more potent luminal ameobocide! Eradicate non invasve cyst forms.

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11
Q

What is the drug used for E. Histolytica?

A

Iodoquinol. Doesn’t affect trophozoite forms. Follow with Paromycin to kill cysts and trophozoite from Lumen of the intestine.

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12
Q

Wahat are the limitations of Paramomycin?

A

Doesn’t treat orgamnisms that have invaded tissue!

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13
Q

What is the Treatment for Cryptosporidiosis?

A

Nitazoxanide. Interferes with PFOR.

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14
Q

Which Parasites can be treated by Folate synthesis pathway?

A

Pneumocystic Jirovecii

Toxoplasma gondii

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15
Q

Which Drugs are Folate Synth Inhibitors?

A

TMP-SMX

Pyrimethamine-Sulfadiazine

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16
Q

What enzyme do Diaminopyrimidines inhibit?

A

DHFR. Prevents THF formation

17
Q

What enzyme do Sulfonamides inhibit?

A

Dihydropterate synthase.

no conversion of PABA to pteroic acid.

18
Q

What are the adverse effects from Sulfonamides?

A

Rash, Crystaluria, Gi intolerance, and Hemolysis.

19
Q

What drugs treat toxoplasmosis?

A

Pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

20
Q

Waht are the considerations for using Chloroquine?

A

Oral admin, half life of 4 days, SA of headache, nausea, vomiting and blurred vision.

21
Q

What are Toxic effects of Mefloquine?

A

Rare neuropsychiatric reactions. Hallucinations, etc but are rare.

22
Q

What drug has effects against hypnozoite forms of P. vivax and P. ovale in the liver.

A

Primaquine

23
Q

What screening has to be done before giving Primaquine?

A

G6PD deficiency. otherwise you’ll get RBC lysis of RBCs

24
Q

What combo of drugs constitutes Malarone? and what does it treat?

A

Atoviquone and proguanil.

P. Falciparum

25
Q

What are dietary considerations in Atoviquone

A

Eat with fatty meal. poorly absorbed but is lipid soluable.

26
Q

How does Proguanil work?

A

Inhibits DHFR

27
Q

How does Doxycycline work?

A

Inhibits growth of Plasmodium by disrupting protein synthesis.

28
Q

Side effects of Doxycycline?

A

Photosensitivity Dermatitis. and teeth staining in children.

29
Q

Which drug is an extract of Chinese Wormwood?

A

Artemensin

30
Q

diaetary considerations for Benzimidazoles.

A

Poorly absorbed. Eat on an empty stomach to keep it in the intestines.

31
Q

Side effects of benzimidazoles?

A

GI and CNS Disturbances.

DO NOT use during pregnancy.

32
Q

What is used to treat strongyloidiasis and cutaneous larval migrans?

A

Ivermectin 1st and Thiabendizole 2nd. Better tissue penetration.

33
Q

What is MOA of antihelminthics?

A

Paralyzes the worms and they are pooped out.

34
Q

Waht is the treatment for Pinworms?

A

Pyrantel Pamoate. Treat the WHOLE HOUSEHOLD!

35
Q

What is the MOA of Praziquantel?

A

Increases Ca2+ permiability of worm’s tegument-> paralysis, increases detection and decreases defense against immune cells.

Microbial Pharmacology (13 decks)

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