Antibacterial: Drug Classes Flashcards
What Drug Categories Target cell wall synthesis?
Penicillins Cephalosporins Carbepanems Monobactams (Aztreonam) Glycopeptides (Vanco) Polypeptides(bacitracin) Phosphoenolpyruvate (Fosfomycin) B-Lactamase Inhibitors (Clavulanic Acid)
What Drug Categories target the cell membrane?
Lipopeptides(Daptomycin)
Detergents (Polymyxin B)
What Drug Categories Are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors?
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides and
Others (Clindamycin, Chloamphenicol, and Linezolid)
What Drug Categories Affect Folate Synthesis, gyrase and damage DNA?
Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole
What protiens are inhibited by Penicillins?
Penicillin Binding Proteins!
What are the B-Lactam Compunds?
Penicillins, Cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems
What is the Main Adverse effet of Penicilins?
Hypersensitivity (rash to anaphylaxis)
X reactive to other Abtx?
What Penicillin drug is resistant to B Lactamase?
Methicillin
What are the Broad spectrum Penicillins that affect mostly G+ Cocci?
Ampicillin and Amoxicillin
What are the Extended spectrum Penicillins that affect mostly G- Rods and Pseudomonas?
Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Azlocillin
What are the narrow spectrum Penicillins that treat Strep, Pneumo, Meningio and Syphilis?
Penicillin G and Penicillin V
What are the Very narrow Spectrum Penicillins that treat Staph (NOT MRSA)?
Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
What drug combo is given to overcome B-Lactamase?
Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid(Augmentin)
What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?
Hypersensitivity
Why might we use Cephalosporin instead of Penicillin?
If they are allergic to Penicillin»_space; Cephalosporin
What has changed as new generations of Cephalosporins have come out?
They become more broad spectrum.
What are the 3rd Generation Cephalosporins?
CEFTRIAXONE
Cefotaxime
Cefdinir
Cefixime
What are the 4th Generation Cephalosporins?
Cefpime
What is important about 3-4th gen Cephalosporins?
They can penetrate into the CNS (Meningitis)
What is important abotu using Monobactam Abtx?
CNS Penetration
Used for more serous infections because they are resistant to B-Lactamase.
ONLY G- rods
What other drug is used with Carbapenems so it isn’t inactivated?
Imipenem is administered with Cilastatin.
What is the MOA of Carbapenems?
Bind to PBPs
What is the main Adverse effct to Carbapenems?
GI Reactions
What is a unique instance where Vancomycin is the Go-to drug?
MRSA
What is the key adverse effect of vancomycin?
Flushing(red neck or “red man syndrome”
What is the B-Lactam drug that doesn’t bind the PBP?
Vancomycin
What part of Cell wall synthesis does Vancomycin bind to?
D-Alanine-D-Alanine
It’s a steric Inhibitor
What is the MOA of Bacitracin?
Inhibit incorporation of AAs and NAs into Cell Wall.
What is the common application of Bacitrracin?
OTC Topical Antibiotics
What is the MOA of Fosfomycin?
Blocks synth of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid. Disaccharide building blocks…
What is the main application for fosfomycin?
UTI treatment
What is the MOA of Protein synthesis inhbitors.
Bacteriostatic. Binds to the Bacterial Ribosomes
What form of Ribosome is included in Bacteria?
70S(50S and 30S)
What is the MOA of Aminoglycocides? -mycin
Binds to 30S blocks initiation step. (step1)
What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?
Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity
What 3 drugs are included in the macrolides?
Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin
What is the MOA of Macrolides?
Binds 50S and impairs translocation to the P site. Step4 blocks the TRNA from moving
What are the Adverse effects of Macrolides?
Rough on the GI tract. Increases Motility.
What are the adverse effects of Tetracycline?
Binds to Calcium. Discolors teeth.
Disrupts normal flora
Photosensitivity.
