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Microbial Pharmacology > Antibacterial: Drug Classes > Flashcards

Antibacterial: Drug Classes Flashcards

1
Q

What Drug Categories Target cell wall synthesis?

A 
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbepanems
Monobactams (Aztreonam)
Glycopeptides (Vanco)
Polypeptides(bacitracin)
Phosphoenolpyruvate (Fosfomycin)
B-Lactamase Inhibitors (Clavulanic Acid)
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2
Q

What Drug Categories target the cell membrane?

A

Lipopeptides(Daptomycin)

Detergents (Polymyxin B)

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3
Q

What Drug Categories Are Protein Synthesis Inhibitors?

A

Tetracyclines
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides and
Others (Clindamycin, Chloamphenicol, and Linezolid)

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4
Q

What Drug Categories Affect Folate Synthesis, gyrase and damage DNA?

A

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Fluoroquinolones
Metronidazole

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5
Q

What protiens are inhibited by Penicillins?

A

Penicillin Binding Proteins!

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6
Q

What are the B-Lactam Compunds?

A

Penicillins, Cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems

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7
Q

What is the Main Adverse effet of Penicilins?

A

Hypersensitivity (rash to anaphylaxis)

X reactive to other Abtx?

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8
Q

What Penicillin drug is resistant to B Lactamase?

A

Methicillin

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9
Q

What are the Broad spectrum Penicillins that affect mostly G+ Cocci?

A

Ampicillin and Amoxicillin

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10
Q

What are the Extended spectrum Penicillins that affect mostly G- Rods and Pseudomonas?

A

Piperacillin
Ticarcillin
Azlocillin

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11
Q

What are the narrow spectrum Penicillins that treat Strep, Pneumo, Meningio and Syphilis?

A

Penicillin G and Penicillin V

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12
Q

What are the Very narrow Spectrum Penicillins that treat Staph (NOT MRSA)?

A

Methicillin
Nafcillin
Oxacillin

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13
Q

What drug combo is given to overcome B-Lactamase?

A

Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid(Augmentin)

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14
Q

What are the adverse effects of Cephalosporins?

A

Hypersensitivity

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15
Q

Why might we use Cephalosporin instead of Penicillin?

A

If they are allergic to Penicillin&raquo_space; Cephalosporin

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16
Q

What has changed as new generations of Cephalosporins have come out?

A

They become more broad spectrum.

17
Q

What are the 3rd Generation Cephalosporins?

A

CEFTRIAXONE
Cefotaxime
Cefdinir
Cefixime

18
Q

What are the 4th Generation Cephalosporins?

A

Cefpime

19
Q

What is important about 3-4th gen Cephalosporins?

A

They can penetrate into the CNS (Meningitis)

20
Q

What is important abotu using Monobactam Abtx?

A

CNS Penetration
Used for more serous infections because they are resistant to B-Lactamase.
ONLY G- rods

21
Q

What other drug is used with Carbapenems so it isn’t inactivated?

A

Imipenem is administered with Cilastatin.

22
Q

What is the MOA of Carbapenems?

A

Bind to PBPs

23
Q

What is the main Adverse effct to Carbapenems?

A

GI Reactions

24
Q

What is a unique instance where Vancomycin is the Go-to drug?

A

MRSA

25
Q

What is the key adverse effect of vancomycin?

A

Flushing(red neck or “red man syndrome”

26
Q

What is the B-Lactam drug that doesn’t bind the PBP?

A

Vancomycin

27
Q

What part of Cell wall synthesis does Vancomycin bind to?

A

D-Alanine-D-Alanine

It’s a steric Inhibitor

28
Q

What is the MOA of Bacitracin?

A

Inhibit incorporation of AAs and NAs into Cell Wall.

29
Q

What is the common application of Bacitrracin?

A

OTC Topical Antibiotics

30
Q

What is the MOA of Fosfomycin?

A

Blocks synth of UDP-N-acetylmuramic acid. Disaccharide building blocks…

31
Q

What is the main application for fosfomycin?

A

UTI treatment

32
Q

What is the MOA of Protein synthesis inhbitors.

A

Bacteriostatic. Binds to the Bacterial Ribosomes

33
Q

What form of Ribosome is included in Bacteria?

A

70S(50S and 30S)

34
Q

What is the MOA of Aminoglycocides? -mycin

A

Binds to 30S blocks initiation step. (step1)

35
Q

What are the adverse effects of Aminoglycosides?

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

36
Q

What 3 drugs are included in the macrolides?

A

Erythromycin, Clarithromycin, Azithromycin

37
Q

What is the MOA of Macrolides?

A

Binds 50S and impairs translocation to the P site. Step4 blocks the TRNA from moving

38
Q

What are the Adverse effects of Macrolides?

A

Rough on the GI tract. Increases Motility.

39
Q

What are the adverse effects of Tetracycline?

A

Binds to Calcium. Discolors teeth.
Disrupts normal flora
Photosensitivity.

Microbial Pharmacology (13 decks)

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