Antibacterial: Drug Classes Cont. Flashcards
What is the MOA of Tetracycline?
Binds 30S Subunit and prevents binding of new amonoacyl-tRNA to A site (Step1)
What is the MOA of Clindamycin?
Binds to 50S. Prevents formation of initiation compex and translocation to P site (Step 1 and 4)
What infection is someone using Clindamycin pre-disposed to?
Clostridium Diffecile
What is the MOA of Chloramphenicol?
Targets the 50S. Prevents Peptidyl Bond formation (step2)
What are the adverse effects of Chloramphenicol?
“Blood and Babies”
Suppresses Red Cell Production (anemia)
Gray Baby Syndrome
What is the MOA of Linezolid?
Binds P site of 50S
Inh. formation of ribosomal-fMet-tRNA complex (Very 1st step)
What is the main Advantage of Linezolid?
Unique Mechanism. Can be used on Resistant Bacteria
What are the Adverse effects of Linezolid
Blood/Myelosupression
What drugs are Folate synthesis inhibitors?
Sulfonamides
What are the Adverse effects of Sulfonamides?
Skin: Hypersensitivity
Steven-Johnson Syndrome
What is the common utilization of Sulfonamides?
UTIs
What is the MOA of Trimethoprim?
Inhibits Dyhydrofolate Reductase; can’t synthesize DNA. same pathway as sulfonamides.
What is the MOA of Sulfonamides?
Structure similar to PABA. Blocks Dihydropterate synthase enzyme. Blocks DNA synth.
What are the Adverse effects of Trimethoprim?
Bone Marrow supression. Anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia.
What two drugs are combined to have a synergistic effect on DNA synth inhibition?
Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)
What is the MOA of Fluoroquinolones?
Inhibits binding and unwinding of DNA
What drugs are included in Fluoroquinolones?
Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin
What are the Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?
GI
Drug-Nutrient Interaction: Bind divalent cations (Ca2+) lowering availability of Drug and Ion.
Cardio: QT Prolongation
What population should avoid Fluoroquinolones?
At risk for cardiovascular events.
What drugs are included in Group 2 Fluoroquinolones and what do they work the best on?
Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Best against G-
What drugs are included in Group 3 Fluoroquinolones and what do they work the best on?
Gatifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Best against G+
Which of the fluoroquinolones has the least activity?
Norfloxacin
What drug works against Protozoa AND Bacteria?
Metronidozol
WHat types of bacteria is Metronidozol active against?
Anaerobic Bacteria
Waht is the MOA of Metronidozol?
Prodrug that is reduced inside bacterial cells and binds to DNA and causes Damage
What are the adverse effects of Metronidozol?
GI: N/V/D
Metabolic: Avoid Alcohol (Disulfiram effect)
Neuropathy
What is the MOA of Daptomycin?
Causes depolarization of the membrane.
Bactericidal. Insertion into the membrane is Ca dependant
What are the adverse effects of Daptomycin?
Musculoskeletal: Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (toxic to muscle)
Good Abtx for Resistant machanisms?
Daptamycin, Linezolid and Vancomycin
What is the most common application for Polymyxin B?
Topical preparations
What is the MOA of PolymyxinB?
Bind to LPS and Punches holes.
