Antibacterial: Drug Classes Cont.

Question 1

What is the MOA of Tetracycline?

Answer 1

Binds 30S Subunit and prevents binding of new amonoacyl-tRNA to A site (Step1)

Question 2

What is the MOA of Clindamycin?

Answer 2

Binds to 50S. Prevents formation of initiation compex and translocation to P site (Step 1 and 4)

Question 3

What infection is someone using Clindamycin pre-disposed to?

Answer 3

Clostridium Diffecile

Question 4

What is the MOA of Chloramphenicol?

Answer 4

Targets the 50S. Prevents Peptidyl Bond formation (step2)

Question 5

What are the adverse effects of Chloramphenicol?

Answer 5

“Blood and Babies”
Suppresses Red Cell Production (anemia)
Gray Baby Syndrome

Question 6

What is the MOA of Linezolid?

Answer 6

Binds P site of 50S

Inh. formation of ribosomal-fMet-tRNA complex (Very 1st step)

Question 7

What is the main Advantage of Linezolid?

Answer 7

Unique Mechanism. Can be used on Resistant Bacteria

Question 8

What are the Adverse effects of Linezolid

Answer 8

Blood/Myelosupression

Question 9

What drugs are Folate synthesis inhibitors?

Answer 9

Sulfonamides

Question 10

What are the Adverse effects of Sulfonamides?

Answer 10

Skin: Hypersensitivity

Steven-Johnson Syndrome

Question 11

What is the common utilization of Sulfonamides?

Answer 11

UTIs

Question 12

What is the MOA of Trimethoprim?

Answer 12

Inhibits Dyhydrofolate Reductase; can’t synthesize DNA. same pathway as sulfonamides.

Question 13

What is the MOA of Sulfonamides?

Answer 13

Structure similar to PABA. Blocks Dihydropterate synthase enzyme. Blocks DNA synth.

Question 14

What are the Adverse effects of Trimethoprim?

Answer 14

Bone Marrow supression. Anemia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia.

Question 15

What two drugs are combined to have a synergistic effect on DNA synth inhibition?

Answer 15

Trimethoprim- sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

Question 16

What is the MOA of Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 16

Inhibits binding and unwinding of DNA

Question 17

What drugs are included in Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 17

Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin

Question 18

What are the Adverse effects of Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 18

GI
Drug-Nutrient Interaction: Bind divalent cations (Ca2+) lowering availability of Drug and Ion.
Cardio: QT Prolongation

Question 19

What population should avoid Fluoroquinolones?

Answer 19

At risk for cardiovascular events.

Question 20

What drugs are included in Group 2 Fluoroquinolones and what do they work the best on?

Answer 20

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin
Ofloxacin
Best against G-

Question 21

What drugs are included in Group 3 Fluoroquinolones and what do they work the best on?

Answer 21

Gatifloxacin
Gemifloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Best against G+

Question 22

Which of the fluoroquinolones has the least activity?

Answer 22

Norfloxacin

Question 23

What drug works against Protozoa AND Bacteria?

Answer 23

Metronidozol

Question 24

WHat types of bacteria is Metronidozol active against?

Answer 24

Anaerobic Bacteria

Question 25

Waht is the MOA of Metronidozol?

Answer 25

Prodrug that is reduced inside bacterial cells and binds to DNA and causes Damage

Question 26

What are the adverse effects of Metronidozol?

Answer 26

GI: N/V/D
Metabolic: Avoid Alcohol (Disulfiram effect)
Neuropathy

Question 27

What is the MOA of Daptomycin?

Answer 27

Causes depolarization of the membrane.

Bactericidal. Insertion into the membrane is Ca dependant

Question 28

What are the adverse effects of Daptomycin?

Answer 28

Musculoskeletal: Myopathy, rhabdomyolysis (toxic to muscle)

Question 29

Good Abtx for Resistant machanisms?

Answer 29

Daptamycin, Linezolid and Vancomycin

Question 30

What is the most common application for Polymyxin B?

Answer 30

Topical preparations

Question 31

What is the MOA of PolymyxinB?

Answer 31

Bind to LPS and Punches holes.