Antiviral Agents

Question 1

Influenza A & Respiratory Viruses

Answer 1

Drugs - Amantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Rimantadine, Zanamivir
Action - Prevents viral replication
Contraindications- renal impairment, Pregnancy
AE- dizzy, insomnia, hypotension, Stevens-Johnson syndrome

Question 2

Herpes & Cytomegalovirus

Answer 2

Drugs - Acyclovir, Ganciclovir, Valacyclovir, Valganciclovir
Action - blocks viral DNA replication
Contraindications- highly toxic in pregnancy, severe CNS disorders
AE - Nausea, headach, rash, hair loss, neuropathy
Drug 2 Drug - Nephrotoxic drugs, Zidovudine

Question 3

Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors

Answer 3

Drugs - Delavirdine, Efavirenz, Nevirapine
Action - bindes to HIV transcriptase block both RNA and DNA
Contraindications - Pregnancy
AE - gi related, dizzy, bluray vision, flu like symptoms
Drug to Drug - Numerous

Question 4

Nucleotide Revers Transcriptase Inhibitor

Answer 4

Drugs - Abacavir, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Tenofovir, Zidovudine
HIV & AIDS
Action - Competes with nucleotides that the viruses would use to bind the DNA chain
Caution - Hepatic renal, bone marrow suppression,
AE - hypersensitivity, hematology, bone marrow suppression,
Drug to Drug - numerous

Question 5

Protease Inhibitors

Answer 5

Drug - Darunavir, Fosamprenavir, Lopinavir, Ritonavir, Tipranavir
Suffix - “navir”
Action - blocks protease activity with HIV virus
Contraindications- lactation, Hepatic dysfunction
AE - liver function changes, elvated cholesterol, Stevens-Johnson syndrome
Drug 2 Drug - numerous

Question 6

Fusion Inhibitors

Answer 6

Drug- Enfuvirtide
Action - prevents HIV from fusing to human cells
Contraindications- lactation
Caution- lung DZ and pregnancy
AE - Insomnia, depression, injection site reaction,
Drug 2 Drug - Non reported

Question 7

CCR5 Coreceptor Antagonist

Answer 7

Drug - Maraviroc
Action - Blocks the reseptor site on cell that HIV needs to enter the cell
Contraindications- lactation and liver Dz
AE - dizzy, changes in consciousness, BBW severe hepatotoxicity
Drug 2 Drug- numerous

Question 8

Integrase Stand Transfer Inhibitors

Answer 8

Drugs - Dolutegravir, Raltegravir
Suffix - “gravir”
Action - inhibits enzyme integrase, needed for replication of HIV
Caution- rhabdomyolysis, myopathy, Pregnancy
AE - headache, dizzy, weight gain, liver failure, renal impairment, suicidal ideation
Drug 2 Drug - Decreased drum levels of either drug if combine with Rifampin

Question 9

Anti-Hepatitis B Agents

Answer 9

Drugs - Adefovir, Entecavir
Action- Inhibits reverse transcriptase is Hep B
Contraindications- lactation
AE - headache, Nausea, Diarrhea, elvated liver enzymes, renal impairment
Drug 2 Drug - increases risk of renal toxicity if mixed with other nephrotoxic drugs

Question 10

Anti-Hepatitis C Agents

Answer 10

Drug - Velpatasvir-sofosbuvir, Iedipasvir-sofosbuvir, Glecaprevir-pibrentasvir, Elbasvir-grazoprevir
Suffix- 1st 2nd “vir”
Action - used to treat chronic Hep C by blocking viral replication
Contraindications - pregnancy, lactation,
Caution- liver Dz
AE - headach, fatigue, Nausea, rash, skin reaction,
Drug 2 drug - protease Inhibitors, St John wort

Question 11

Local Active Antiviral Agents

Answer 11

Drugs - Docosanol, Ganciclovir, Penciclovir, Acyclovir
Action - for local viral infections
AE - local burning, stinging and discomfort