Analgesic Agents

Question 1

Opioid Agonists

Answer 1

Drugs - Morphine, Hydomorphine, Codeine, Hydrocodone, Fentanyl
Action - Acts on the Opioid receptors in CNS, Produce analgesia & Sedation
Contraindications - Diarrhea caused by poisons
Caution - Respiratory dysfunction, pregnancy, head injuries, substance abuse
AE - Respiratory Depression, Cardiac Arrest, Constipation, Orthostatic Hypotension
Drug 2 Drug - Numerous

Question 2

Opioid Agonists-Antagonists

Answer 2

Drugs - Buprenorphine, Butorphanol, Nalbupine
Action - acts as a partial Agonists at mu and an antagonist at kappa to produce sedation and euphoria.
Contraindications - Nalbuphine if person has Sulfite allergy
Caution - depends of narcotics, COPD, MI, HNT, Pregnancy
AE - Resp depression, Constipation, Psychosis, Hallucinations, Urinary Retention, Sweating
Drug 2 Drug - Barbiturate general anesthetics, Narcotic agents

Question 3

Opioid Antagonists

Answer 3

Drug - Naloxone acute OD , Naltrexone chronic dependence
Action - Binds to opioid receptors so there is no activity
Caution - Pregnancy
AE - Acute opioid syndrome, Nausea, Tachycardia, BP changes, Dysrhythmais
Drug 2 Drug - larger dose will be needed to reverse affects of opioid agonist-antagonists

Question 4

Ergot Derivatives

Answer 4

Drug - Dihydroergotamine, Ergotamine
Suffix - “ergot”
Action - Blocks alpha- adrenergic & serotonin receptors in the brain, to prevent migraines & vascular headaches
Contraindications - CAD, HTN, PVD,
Caution - Pruritus, Malnutrition
AE - Numbness, Tingling, Pulselessness, Weakness, Arrhythmia, Nausea
Drug 2 drug - Beta Blockers, Triptans

Question 5

Triptans

Answer 5

Drugs - Eletriptan, Sumatriptan, Zolmitriptan
Suffix - “triptan”
Action - Bindes to selective serotonin receptors to cause vasoconstriction and treat acute migraines
Contraindications - Pregnancy, CAD
Caution - Elderly, Lactation, Renal & Hepatic impairment
AE - Numbness, Burning, Coldness, BP alters, Weakness
Drug 2 Drug - Ergot- containing drugs

Question 6

CGRP Inhibitors

Answer 6

Drug - Rimegepant, Ubrogepant
Suffix - “gepant”
Action - blocks a vasodilator chemical released during migraines
AE - Nausea
Drug 2 Drug - Numerous

Question 7

Serotonin Agonists

Answer 7

Drug - Lasmiditan
Action - selective serotonin agonists used for acute migraines
AE - dizziness, fatigue, parasthesia, sedation
Drug 2 Drug- Numrous