Antibiotics

Question 1

Aminoglycosides

Answer 1

Drug - Gentamycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tobramycin
Suffix - “mycin”
Action - Bactericidal, used for series infections
Relative - Renal & Hepatic DZ, hearing loss, MG, Parkinsonism, Pregnancy
AE - Ototoxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Bone marrow depression
Drug 2 Drug - Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Loop Diuretics

Question 2

Carbapenems

Answer 2

Drugs - Doripenem, Ertapenem, Imipenem-ceilastatin, Imipenem-celilastatin-relebactam, Meropenem, Meropenem-vaborbactam
Suffix - “penem”
Action - Bactericidal, Used as broad spectrum given by IM & IV
Relative - Allergy to beta-lactams & renal DZ
AE - Kills normal Flora in GI, Electrolytes imbalance, Superinfections
Drug 2 Drug - Seizure drugs

Question 3

Cephalosporins

Answer 3

Drug - 1st - Cephalexin, 2nd - Cefaclor, Cefoxiti, Cefuroxime, 3rd - Cefdinir, Cefotaxime, Cefpodoxime, Ceftriaxone, 4th - Ceftolozane-tazobactam, 5th - Ceftaroline
Suffix - “cef” & “ceph”
Action - Bactericidal & Bacteriostatic, 1st gen won’t reach CNS, 5th will
Relative - Allergy to penicillin, Renal impairment
AE - Destroys the national GI flora, Abdominal pain, all abdominal infections, injection site inflammation
Drug 2 Drug - Aminoglycosides, Warfarin

Question 4

Fluoroquinolones

Answer 4

Drug - Ciprofloxacin, Lovofloxcin, Moxifloxacin, Ofloxacin
Suffix - “floxacin”
Action - Bacteriostatic, Broad spectrum
Relative - Renal & Hepatic dysfunction, MG, Seizure disorders
AE - CNS, Bone marrow depression, Photosensitive, BLACK BOX,
Drug 2 Drug - Iron salts, Mineral supplements, Drugs that increase QT interval, Theophylline, NSAID’s

Question 5

Penicillin

Answer 5

Drug - all have Penicillin or cillin in it
Suffix- “cillin”
Action - Bactericidal, Broad spectrum
Relative - Allergy to cephalosporins, renal DZ
Caution - Pregnancy
AE - GI irritation, injection site infection, superinfection
Drug 2 Drug - Aminoglycosides

Question 6

Sulfonamides

Answer 6

Drug - Sulfadiazine, Sulfasalazine, Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Suffix - “sulfa”
Action - Bacteriostatic by inhibiting Folic Acid synthesis
Relative - Allergy to Thiazide diuretics, could kill fetus
Caution - Renal Dz and Stones
AE - GI, Hematuria, Proteinuria, hyperkalemia, CNS effects, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, Photosensitivity, bone marrow depression
Drug 2 Drug - Sulfonylureas like glyburide & glipizide, Cyclosporine

Question 7

Tetracycline

Answer 7

Drug - Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline
Suffix - “cycline”
Action - Bacteriostatic, add minster on empty stomach
Relative - Preg, Hepatic Impairment
Caution - Children under 8
AE - GI affects, Hepatotoxicity, Photosensitivity, Damage to teeth and bones
Drug 2 Drug - Digoxin

Question 8

Antimycobacterial / Antituberculosis

Answer 8

Drug - Rifampin, Isoniazid (INH), Pyrazinamide, Ethambuto
Action - Bactericidal, treatment of TB, use in combination
Relative - Renal & Hepatic
AE - CNS, GI irration, Rifadin red pee, INH interfere with B6 absorption, blurry vision, color changes
Drug 2 Drug - Rifampin and Isoniazid can cause liver toxicity