Antiviral

Question 1

Zanamivir

Answer 1

Inhibits influenza neuraminidase, decreases release of progeny virus

Question 2

Oseltamivir

Answer 2

Inhibits influenza neuraminidase, decreases release of progeny virus

Question 3

Ribavirin

Answer 3

Inhibits synthesis of guanine as a competitive inhibitor of IMP dehydrogenase…used for RSV, chronic HCV…causes hemolytic anemia…teratogenic

Question 4

Acyclovir

Answer 4

Phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase, acts as guanosine analog and inhibits viral DNA polymerase…used for HSV and VZV…causes crystalline nephropathy and renal failure…resistance from thymidine kinase mutations

Question 5

Famciclovir

Answer 5

Phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase, acts as guanosine analog and inhibits viral DNA polymerase…used for HSV and VZV…causes crystalline nephropathy and renal failure…resistance from thymidine kinase mutations

Question 6

Valacylcovir

Answer 6

Phosphorylated by viral thymidine kinase, acts as guanosine analog and inhibits viral DNA polymerase…used for HSV and VZV…causes crystalline nephropathy and renal failure…resistance from thymidine kinase mutations

Question 7

Ganciclovir

Answer 7

Acts as guanosine analog…used for CMV…causes leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and renal toxicity

Question 8

Foscarnet (cidofovir)

Answer 8

Viral DNA polymerase inhibitor, binds to pyrophosphate binding site…used for CMV retinitis, acyclovir-resistant HSV…nephrotoxic

Question 9

HAART

Answer 9

2 NRTIs + 1 NNRTI / 1 protease inhibitor / 1 integrase inhibitor

Question 10

NRTIs

Answer 10

Tenofovir, abacavir, lamivudine, zidavudine…competitively inhibit nucleotide binding to reverse transcriptase (lack 3’-OH group)…give G-CSF and EPO as they cause bone marrow suppression…also pancreatitis, neuropathy, lactic acidosis, rash

Question 11

NNRTIs

Answer 11

Nevirapine, efavirenz, delaviroline…similar mechanism to NRTIs but different binding site, non-competitive…cause vivid dreams, rash, hepatotoxicity

Question 12

Protease inhibitors

Answer 12

End in -navir…inhibit HIV-1 protease from the pol gene…cause lipodystrophy, hyperglycemia, GI upset

Question 13

Integrase inhibitors

Answer 13

Raltegravir…reversibly inhibits HIV integrase…causes hypercholesterolemia

Question 14

Fusion inhibitors

Answer 14

Enfuvirtide, maraviroc…bind gp41 or CCR5…cause skin reaction

Question 15

Interferon-alpha

Answer 15

Glycoprotein normally synthesized by virally damaged cells, wide range of antiviral properties…used for HBV, HCV, Kaposi, hairy cell leukemia, condylomata acuminatum, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma

Question 16

Interferon-beta

Answer 16

Glycoprotein normally synthesized by virally damaged cells, wide range of antiviral properties…used for MS

Question 17

Interferon-gamma

Answer 17

Glycoprotein normally synthesized by virally damaged cells, wide range of antiviral properties…used for chronic granulomatous disease