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Pharm 4 > Antiparasitic > Flashcards

Antiparasitic Flashcards

1
Q

intestinal and luminal infections - 3 types

A

1) Giardiasis
2) Amebiasis
3) Trichomoniasis

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2
Q

Drug of choice for intestinal and luminal infections

A

metronidazole

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3
Q

In Giardiasis and Amebiasis, which form invades mucosa and which is dormant

A

trophozoite - invades mucosa

cyst - dormant

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4
Q

Not effective against cyst form

A

Metronidazole

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5
Q

MOA for metronidazole

A

1) Prodrug, metabolized by PFOR (found only in parasites)

2) Intermediates bind and disrupt protein, DNA structure and function

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6
Q

Resistance for metronidazole

A

Rare but increasing, less common in Entamoeba.

In Trichomonas, it’s correlated with decreased PFOR and increase activity of other oxidoreductases

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7
Q

Halogenated hydroxyquinolone

A

Iodoquinol

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8
Q

Effective against trophozoite form of Entamoeba that are in lumen, NOT those that have invaded tissues
- Very effective against cyst form

A

Iodoquinol

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9
Q

Resistance for iodoquinol

A

not observed

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10
Q

1) Aminoglycoside abx that inhibits protein synthesis

2) Good with eliminating trophozoite and cyst forms of Entamoeba in lumen, NOT trophozoites in tissues

A

Paromomycin

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11
Q

Can be used to treat asymptomatic or mild cases of Amebiasis

If severe, use in combo with metronidazole

A

Iodoquinol

Paromomycin

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12
Q

Must follow up treatment of metronidazole with what drug(s) to be effective against cyst forms?

A

Iodoquinol

Paromomycin

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13
Q

3 Opportunistic parasitic infections in AIDs patients

A

1) Cryptosporidiosis
2) Pneumocystitis
3) Toxoplasmosis

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14
Q

Treatment of cyrptosporidiosis (2)

A

1) Paromomycin

2) Nitazoxanide

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15
Q

MOA of nitazoxanide

A

inhibitor of PFOR

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16
Q

Treatment of pneumocystitis

A

TMP-SMX

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17
Q

Treatment of toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

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18
Q

Prevents synthesis of folate

A

MOA for sulfonamides

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19
Q

Prevents synthesis of THF

A

MOA for diaminopyrimidines

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20
Q

Resistance for nitazoxanide

A

none observed

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21
Q

Resistance for TMP-SMX and pyrimethamine-sulfadiazine

A

widely reported

22
Q

Antimalarial drugs (7)

A

1) Chloroquine
2) Quinine
3) Mefloquine
4) Primaquine
5) Malarone
6) Doxycycline
7) Arteminisinin derivatives

23
Q

Which antimalarial is only one that is effective against hepatic stage?

A

primaquine

24
Q

MOA of chloroquine

A

Interferes with parasitic ability to detoxify compounds during degradation of Hb

25
Q

Resistance: efflux pump

A

Chloroquine

26
Q

MOA of quinine

A
  • Localize to digestive vacuoles

- Interferes with parasitic DNA (transcription and replication)

27
Q

Cinchonism and Hypoglycemia

A

Adverse effects of quinine

28
Q

Generally not used as prophylaxis due to toxicity

A

quinine

29
Q

Resistance begining to emerge, esp in Asia

A

quinine

30
Q
  • Derivative of quinine
  • Targets intraerythrocytic forms
  • Both prophylaxis and treatment
A

mefloquine

31
Q

Must be activated by host

RBC lysis with G6PD deficiency

A

Primaquine

32
Q

Drug of choice for treating dormant liver forms of P. vivax and P. ovale

A

Primaquine

33
Q

Components of Malarone

A

Atovaquone and Proguanil

34
Q

Inhibits DHFR, rarely used alone

A

Proguanil

35
Q

MOA of doxycycline

A

Antibacterial agent that inhibits protein synthesis (tetracycline)

36
Q

Photosensitivity and staining of teeth

A

Doxycycline

37
Q

Doxycycline is contraindicated for which two groups?

A

pregnant women and children

38
Q
  • Targets bloodstream forms

- Used in MDR strains of P. falciparum

A

Artemisinin derivatives

39
Q

Drug of choice for intestinal nematodes

A

Benzimidazoles

40
Q

Drug of choice for Strongyloidiasis

A

Ivermectin

41
Q

Drug of choice for pinworm infections

A

Pyrantel Pamoate

42
Q

Drug of choice for cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes)

A

Praziquantel

43
Q

Second line treatment for strongyloidiasis

A

Thiabendazole

44
Q

Topical treatment for cutaneous larval migrans

A

Thiabendazole

45
Q

3 types of Benzimidazoles

A

1) Albendazole
2) Mebendazole
3) Thiabendazole

46
Q

Inhibits assembly of microtubules –> disrupts mitosis

- causes paralysis

A

Benzimidazoles

47
Q

This benzimidazole has higher toxicity than the others

A

Thiabendazole

48
Q

Contraindications for use of benzimidazoles

A

Do not use in pregnant women and children under 2

49
Q

Hyperpolarization causes muscle paralysis

A

MOA for Ivermectin

50
Q

Treatment for tissue-dwelling nematodes such as river blindness, eye worm, lymphatic filarial worms, etc

A

Ivermectin

51
Q

Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade

A

MOA for pyrantel pamoate

52
Q

Increase in calcium permeability leading to depolarization of tegument
- exposes proteins for host immune response

A

Praziquantel

Pharm 4 (10 decks)

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