Anitbacterial resistance mechanisms (by class)

Question 1

Resistance mechanisms against aminoglycosides

Answer 1

Expression of enzymes that alter chemical structure of the drug ie acetylation and phosphorylation

Question 2

Resistance mechanisms against penicillins and cephalosporins

Answer 2

Expression of beta-lactamase

cephs are more resistant to this than penicillins

Question 3

Resistance mechanisms against chloramphenicol

Answer 3

Expression of inactivating enzymes

Question 4

Resistance mechanisms against furoquinolones

Answer 4

Drug efflux

less sensitive drug target

Question 5

Resistance mechanisms against macrolides

Answer 5

drug efflux

alterations of drug binding to 50s

Question 6

Resistance mechanisms against tetracyclines

Answer 6

drug efflux

Question 7

Resistance mechanisms against sulfonamides

Answer 7

1) less sensitive to drug target
2) increased synthesis of PABA - outcompetes drug
3) scavenge or use other sources of folic acid