Antineoplastic Agents

Question 1

1. When do cell cycle nonspecific drugs act?
2. Types of CCNS
3. What drug is most effective against rapidly growing cancers

Answer 1

1. any phase of the cycle
2. alkylating, antitumor antibiotics, hormones
3. Cell cycle specific drugs

Question 2

1. Types of CCS
2. General side effects of chemo

Answer 2

1. Antimetabolites, mitotic inhibitors
2. rapidly growing normal cells, GI tract, mucuous membranes, bone marrow, reproductive system

Question 3

1. Hod to Alkylating Drugs work
2. What type of cancers
3. How does it affect DNA

Answer 3

1. prevent cell division
2. Acute/Chronic Leukemia, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, solid tumors
3. cross-linking, abnormal base pairing, DNA stand breaks

Question 4

1. Alkylating Agent Types x7
2. Name an Alkylsulfonate drug?
3. Name a Nitrosoureas drug

Answer 4

1. Mustard Gad, Ethylenimine, Alkylsulfonates, Hyrazines, Triazines, Nitrosoureas, Metal Salts
2. Busulfan
3. Carmustine

Question 5

1. SE’s of alkylating agents
2. What type of drug is Cyclophosphamide?

Answer 5

1. N/V, hemorhhagi cystitis, alopecia (balding), anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, bone marrow suppresion, secondary malignancies, sterilitisy
2. Alkylating

Question 6

1. How is Cyclophsphamide givent?
2. What can it cause?
3. How does the GI absorb it?

Answer 6

1. Oral or IV
2. blistering, vesicant
3. well

Question 7

1. Side effect of Cyclophophamide
2. How do antimetabolites work?
3. Types of cancer its used for?

Answer 7

1. Hemorrhagic cystitis (blood in urine)
2. specific, disrupt metabolic processes and inhibit enzyme synthesis
3. leukemia, breast, head/neck, lung, osteosarcoma, nonHodkin’s lymphoma

Question 8

1. Antimetabolite classess

Answer 8

• folic acid antagonist
• pyrimidine antagonist
• purine antagonist
• adenosien deaminase inhibitor
• ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor

Question 9

1. Name an antimetabolite drug
2. How is it given?
3. What does it do?

Answer 9

1. Fluorouracil (5-FU), Adrucil
2. IV, topical
3. blocks DNA and RNA synthesis

Question 10

1. How do antitumor antibiotics work?
2. Types of antitumor antibiotics?
3. Specific or Nonspecific?

Answer 10

1. inhibit protein and RNA synthesis, bind DNA causing fragmentation
2. anthracycline, chromomycin
3. Nonspecific

Question 11

1. Types of cancers antitumor antibiotics treat?
2. Name an antitumor antibiotic?
3. What is it?

Answer 11

1. Leukemia, solid tumors, various others
2. Doxorubicin
3. prototype drug

Question 12

1. SE’s of doxorubicin?
2. How is it given
3. what is the maximum lifetime dose

Answer 12

1. cardiotoxic
2. IV
3. mg/m2

Question 13

1. What do plant alkaloids do?
2. Specific or nonspecific
3. Types of Plant Alkaloids

Answer 13

1. Block cell division at the Mphase of cell cycle
2. specific
3. Vinca, antimicrotubule, taxanes, paclitaxel

Question 14

1. Hormonal Agents
2. What do sex hormones do?
3. What do gonatropins do

Answer 14

1. Steroids, Sex hormones, Antiestrogens, Aromatase inhibitor, Gonadotropin, Antiandrogen
2. Slow grown of hormone-dependent tumors
3. releasing hormone analogues

Question 15

1. Types of targeted therapy drugs? x7

Answer 15

• Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• multikinase inhibitor
• epidermal growth factor/receptor inhibitor
• vascular endothelial growth factor/receptor inhibitor
• proteasome inhibitor
• angiogensis inhibitor
• monoclonal antibodies

Question 16

1. How do Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors work?
2. Examples
3. How is it administered?

Answer 16

1. directly inhibit SRC kinase, inhibit cell division
2. Imatinin mesylate, dasatinib
3. Oral

Question 17

1. Side effects of Tyrosine Kinase inhibitors
2. What do multikinase inhibitors do?
3. Examples of multikinase inhibitors

Answer 17

1. electrolyte imbalance (phosphorus, calcium), EKG abnormal, Fluid retention
2. inhibit kinases in carrier cells and in cancer vasculatures
3. Sorafenib, Sunitinib

Question 18

1. Adverse Effects of Multikinase inhibitors
2. How do Epidermal Growth Factors work
3. Examples

Answer 18

1. HTN, CV, GI, neurmuscular (sunitinib)
2. bind to areas of the epiderma receptor, block activity- inhibit tyrosine kinase
3. Erlotinib, gefitinib, panitumumab, cetuximab, trastuzumab

Question 19

1. How do Vascular Endothelial work?
2. How is it administered?
3. Examples?

Answer 19

1. bind to VEGF, preventing bind with receptor, reducing microvascular growth and inhibit metastatis disease progression.
2. IV
3. Bevacizumab (Avastin)

Question 20

1. How do proteasome inhibitors work?
2. Examples
3. How is it administered?

Answer 20

1. Suppress cancer cell division, promotes apoptosis
2. Bortezomib
3. IV

Question 21

1. How do angiogenesis inhibitors work
2. how is it administered
3. Examples

Answer 21

1. inhibit formation of blood vessels needed for tumor growth and metastases
2. IV
3. Tensirolimus

Question 22

1. Adverse effects of angiogenesis inhibitors?
2. How do monoclonal antibodies work?
3. Examples

Answer 22

1. hypersensitivity reactions
2. exert effect on specific cell membrane surface proteins, inactive the cancer cell
3. Alemtuzumab, Ibritumomab, Tositumomab

Question 23

1. How are monoclona antibodies administered?
2. Biologic Response Modifier Types
3. How do they work

Answer 23

1. IV
2. Interferons, Colony stimulating, Interleukins, Monoclonal antibodies
3. enhance immuno function, interfere w/ tumor activity, promote differentiation of stem cells

Question 24

1. How do interferons work?
2. What category is it not listed as?
3. It acts on these cells

Answer 24

1. regulate immune system to improve resistant to invading microbes
2. antineoplastic
3. Alpha, Beta, Gamma

Question 25

1. SE's of Interferons?

Answer 25

1. GI distress, irritabilitym confusion, sleepy, seizures, psychosis, transient aphasia, tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension

Question 26

1. What do colony stimulating factors do? 2. Benefits 3. What types of cells does it enhance

Answer 26

1. stimulate the growth and fiferentiation of *bone marrow* stem cells 2. Decrease leangth of posttx netropenia, permit higher doses of drugs, reduce bone marrow recovery time 3. macrophage, granulocyte= viruses and fungus destroying

Question 27

1. What can colony stimulating factors prevent 2. What do erythropoeitin agents do 3. Examples

Answer 27

1. severe thrombocytopenia 2. stimulate RBC production 3. Epo**etin alfa**, darbapo**etin alfa**

Question 28

1. Side effects of Erythropoeitin agents 2. Examples of granulocyte colony factors 3. What do granulocyte-macrophage colony factors do?

Answer 28

1. Cardio with high hgb levels 2. fli**grastim**, pegfil**grastim** 3. stimulate survival, clonal expression, differentiation of hematopoeitic progenitor cells

Question 29

1. Example of Granulocyte Macrophage 2. Thrombopoietic growth factor does what? 3. Give an example

Answer 29

1. Sagramostim 2. stimulate megakaryocyte and thrombocyte production 3. Opralvekin

Question 30

1. Interleukin-2 does what 2. Give an example 3. Keratinocyte Growth Factor does what

Answer 30

1. Antitumor activity in *renal cell carcinoma* and *malignatn melanoma* 2. Proleukin 3. decrease the duration of severe oral mucositis

Question 31

1. Give an example of Keratinocyte Growth FActor

Answer 31

1. Palifermin