Antimicrobials: Part 8: Adverse effects for the "other" drugs

Question 1

What are the adverse effects of sulfonamides?

Answer 1

• Hypersensitivity (due to aryl amine at N4 and nitrogen group at N1). Similar hypersensitivity reaction to penicillins . 6-25x higher hypersensitivity in those with HIV!!!
• Photosensitivity
• Can trigger G-6-P deficiency
• Can cause kernicterus in infants due to how it can displace bilirubin
• Can displace warfarin from albumin
• Not to be used in pregnant women

Question 2

What are the adverse effects of sulfones?

Answer 2

• Can trigger G-6-P deficiency
• Methemoglobinemia
• Agranulocytosis

Question 3

What are the adverse effects of trimethoprim?

Answer 3

• Hyperkalemia in high doses

- Bone marrow suppression; can be avoided with leukovorin administration

Question 4

What are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolone?

Answer 4

• GI upset and dizziness
• QT interval elongation
• Tendon rupture (achilles)
• Rashes
• Dont use in pregnancy, nursing mothers, or children <18 years old due to MSK effects
• Cipro inhibits P450

Question 5

What are the adverse effects of metronidazole?

Answer 5

• Metallic taste

- Disulfram reaction