Antimicrobial 1 Flashcards
Anti-staph
Nafcillin
Oxacillin
Methicillin
Pen G used for
Gram (+) –> not S aureus
anaerobes
spirochetes
Neisseria
Penicillin class that works on Pseudomonas
Piperacillin
Carboxypenicillin
Standard treatment for Listeria meningitis
Ampicillin and amoxicilin
Cephalosporins for Pseudomonas
Cefipime (4)
Ceftazdime (3)
Cephalosporins used for CAP
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Cross BBB and cover S. pneumo and N. meningitidis
Cephalosporins used for GI surgery prophylaxis
Cefotetan
Cefoxitin
Covers anaerobes and gram (-) rods
Aztreonam effective against
aerobic gram (-)
Why are aminoglycosides ineffective against anaerobes
require oxygen for uptake
Imipenem requires what other drug?
cilastatin - dehydropeptidase inhibitor
prevents nephrotoxicity
increases concentration of imipenem in urine - can use for UTI
Mechanism of resistance of vancomycin
mutation of D-alanine-D-alanine sequence at cell wall
MoA of aminoglycosides
inhibit initiation during protein translation at 30S
Mechanism of resistance to aminoglycosides
enzymatically inactivate aminoglycosides by conjugation
Tetracycline eliminated by feces
doxycycline
Tetracyclines taken on empty stomach because
can be chelated or inactivated
Expired tetracyclines
Fanconi-like syndrome
MoA of macrolides
inhibits translocation at 50s
Mechanism of resistance against macrolides
methyltransferases alter drug-binding site at 50S
Mechanism of action of clindamycin
blocks peptide bond formation at 50s
Mechanism of action of linezolid
Blocks initiation of translation at 50S
Linezolid treats what important diseases
VRSA
MRSA
VRE
New class for VRSA and VRE that works by inhibiting protein synthesis
Streptogramins
Mechanism of resistance to FQs
point mutations at DNA topoisomerase II
FQs contraindicated in pregnant women and children due to
interference of cartilage formation
Cause tendonitis/rupture in elderly
Two antibiotic drugs that act as p-aminobenzoic acid analogs
sulfonamides
dapsone
DOC for simple recurrent UTI
TMP-SMX
ciprofloxacin if sulfa allergy
Sulfonamides in pregnancy
kernicterus
displace bilirubin from albumin
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
trimethoprim
Inhibits dihydropteroate synthase
sulfonamides
Inhibits arabinosyl transferase
ethambutol
Binds to RNA polymerase, blocking elongation of RNA
rifampin
Leprosy drugs
dapsone
rifampin
clofazimine
Prophylaxis for GBS culture positive at 35-37wks AOG
penicillin
Treatment for tetanus
antitoxin +/- vaccine booster
diazepam for spasms
Carbapenem with less risk of seizures than imipenem
meropenem
