Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

ACEI and ARBS can be beneficial to what other comorbidities

A

1) DM
2) CHF
3) post MI
4) scleroderma
5) CKD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Beta blockers are beneficial to what comorbidities, which 2 have the most benefit

A

CHF
Post MI

Carvidol and metoprolol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Side effects of beta blockers

A
Increased Asthma and COPD
Depression 
Increase lipids
Increase potassium 
Decreases heart rate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What people types do calcium channel blockers work best with

A

African Americans and elderly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Thiazide diurectics are what line of choice for Htn

A

first line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Thiazide diurectics cause what to occur to lower bp

A

increase excretion of water and sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thiazide diuretics should not be given with what allergy

A

sulfa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Thiazide diuretic what 5 labs should be monitored close and why

A

Na, potassium, glucose, calcium, magnesium. because thiazides may cause hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypomg, hypona, hypoK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ACEI and ARBs induce what effects to decrease bloodpressure

A

block reabsorption of sodium and water, causing vasodilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What lab should be assessed before starting ACEI or ARBs and why.

A

potassium, because ACE and ARB can increase potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What blood pressure medicine should not be used during pregnancy and which one is suggested

A

donot use ACE or ARB during pregnancy. Methyldopa is suggested.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Side effects of ACE include

A

Rash, hyperkalemia, cough, taste disturbance, renal impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

side effects of ARBs include

A

cough, taste impairement, hyperkalemia, renal impairment, headache

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Calcium channel blockers can be used for what other conditions beside HTN

A

migraine, angina, arrhythmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what are side effects of calcium channel blockers

A

headache, flushing, bradycardia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

beta blockers work how

A

by directly relaxing the heart

17
Q

Betablockers should not be used in patients with history of (or need very close monitoring)

A

COPD, and Asthma

18
Q

betablockers can have what side effects

A

Heartblock, Insomnia, bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue, nausea

19
Q

Alpha 1 antagonist work by

A

vasodilation

20
Q

alpha 1 antagonist should be taken first at what time

21
Q

alpha 1 antagonist may cause what type side effects

A

syncope with first dose, drymouth, orthostatsis, dizziness, headache

22
Q

central alpha-2 agonist examples are

A

clonidine and methyldopa

23
Q

central alpha 2 agonist work by

A

work by prevent vasoconstriction, cause vasodilation, slow heart rate

24
Q

central alpha 2 agonist should not be discontinued abruptly due to

A

withdrawals and rebound HTN

25
Central alpha 2 agonist have what side effects
dry mouth, depression, sedation, headache bradycardia
26
Examples of arterial dilators include? how do they work
hydralazine, and minoxidil, directly relax the vascular smooth muscle, results in vasodilation
27
what are side effects of ateriol dilators
reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, flusing, dizziness, nausea
28
Example of direct renin inhibitor? How does it work?
tektura (aliskiren) | inhibits renin, which decreases plasma renin activity and conversion of agiotensinogen to agiotensin 2
29
Side effects of Tektura
diarrhea, hyperkalemia, dizziness, headache
30
Goal of pharmologic therapy
lowest dose with lowest number of medications