Antihypertensives

Question 1

ACEI and ARBS can be beneficial to what other comorbidities

Answer 1

1) DM
2) CHF
3) post MI
4) scleroderma
5) CKD

Question 2

Beta blockers are beneficial to what comorbidities, which 2 have the most benefit

Answer 2

CHF
Post MI

Carvidol and metoprolol

Question 3

Side effects of beta blockers

Answer 3

Increased Asthma and COPD
Depression 
Increase lipids
Increase potassium 
Decreases heart rate

Question 4

What people types do calcium channel blockers work best with

Answer 4

African Americans and elderly

Question 5

Thiazide diurectics are what line of choice for Htn

Answer 5

first line

Question 6

Thiazide diurectics cause what to occur to lower bp

Answer 6

increase excretion of water and sodium

Question 7

Thiazide diuretics should not be given with what allergy

Answer 7

sulfa

Question 8

Thiazide diuretic what 5 labs should be monitored close and why

Answer 8

Na, potassium, glucose, calcium, magnesium. because thiazides may cause hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypomg, hypona, hypoK

Question 9

ACEI and ARBs induce what effects to decrease bloodpressure

Answer 9

block reabsorption of sodium and water, causing vasodilation

Question 10

What lab should be assessed before starting ACEI or ARBs and why.

Answer 10

potassium, because ACE and ARB can increase potassium

Question 11

What blood pressure medicine should not be used during pregnancy and which one is suggested

Answer 11

donot use ACE or ARB during pregnancy. Methyldopa is suggested.

Question 12

Side effects of ACE include

Answer 12

Rash, hyperkalemia, cough, taste disturbance, renal impairment

Question 13

side effects of ARBs include

Answer 13

cough, taste impairement, hyperkalemia, renal impairment, headache

Question 14

Calcium channel blockers can be used for what other conditions beside HTN

Answer 14

migraine, angina, arrhythmia

Question 15

what are side effects of calcium channel blockers

Answer 15

headache, flushing, bradycardia

Question 16

beta blockers work how

Answer 16

by directly relaxing the heart

Question 17

Betablockers should not be used in patients with history of (or need very close monitoring)

Answer 17

COPD, and Asthma

Question 18

betablockers can have what side effects

Answer 18

Heartblock, Insomnia, bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue, nausea

Question 19

Alpha 1 antagonist work by

Answer 19

vasodilation

Question 20

alpha 1 antagonist should be taken first at what time

Answer 20

bed time

Question 21

alpha 1 antagonist may cause what type side effects

Answer 21

syncope with first dose, drymouth, orthostatsis, dizziness, headache

Question 22

central alpha-2 agonist examples are

Answer 22

clonidine and methyldopa

Question 23

central alpha 2 agonist work by

Answer 23

work by prevent vasoconstriction, cause vasodilation, slow heart rate

Question 24

central alpha 2 agonist should not be discontinued abruptly due to

Answer 24

withdrawals and rebound HTN

Question 25

Central alpha 2 agonist have what side effects

Answer 25

dry mouth, depression, sedation, headache bradycardia

Question 26

Examples of arterial dilators include? how do they work

Answer 26

hydralazine, and minoxidil, directly relax the vascular smooth muscle, results in vasodilation

Question 27

what are side effects of ateriol dilators

Answer 27

reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, flusing, dizziness, nausea

Question 28

Example of direct renin inhibitor? How does it work?

Answer 28

tektura (aliskiren)

inhibits renin, which decreases plasma renin activity and conversion of agiotensinogen to agiotensin 2

Question 29

Side effects of Tektura

Answer 29

diarrhea, hyperkalemia, dizziness, headache

Question 30

Goal of pharmologic therapy

Answer 30

lowest dose with lowest number of medications