Antihypertensives Flashcards
ACEI and ARBS can be beneficial to what other comorbidities
1) DM
2) CHF
3) post MI
4) scleroderma
5) CKD
Beta blockers are beneficial to what comorbidities, which 2 have the most benefit
CHF
Post MI
Carvidol and metoprolol
Side effects of beta blockers
Increased Asthma and COPD Depression Increase lipids Increase potassium Decreases heart rate
What people types do calcium channel blockers work best with
African Americans and elderly
Thiazide diurectics are what line of choice for Htn
first line
Thiazide diurectics cause what to occur to lower bp
increase excretion of water and sodium
Thiazide diuretics should not be given with what allergy
sulfa
Thiazide diuretic what 5 labs should be monitored close and why
Na, potassium, glucose, calcium, magnesium. because thiazides may cause hyperglycemia, hypercalcemia, hypomg, hypona, hypoK
ACEI and ARBs induce what effects to decrease bloodpressure
block reabsorption of sodium and water, causing vasodilation
What lab should be assessed before starting ACEI or ARBs and why.
potassium, because ACE and ARB can increase potassium
What blood pressure medicine should not be used during pregnancy and which one is suggested
donot use ACE or ARB during pregnancy. Methyldopa is suggested.
Side effects of ACE include
Rash, hyperkalemia, cough, taste disturbance, renal impairment
side effects of ARBs include
cough, taste impairement, hyperkalemia, renal impairment, headache
Calcium channel blockers can be used for what other conditions beside HTN
migraine, angina, arrhythmia
what are side effects of calcium channel blockers
headache, flushing, bradycardia
beta blockers work how
by directly relaxing the heart
Betablockers should not be used in patients with history of (or need very close monitoring)
COPD, and Asthma
betablockers can have what side effects
Heartblock, Insomnia, bradycardia, dizziness, fatigue, nausea
Alpha 1 antagonist work by
vasodilation
alpha 1 antagonist should be taken first at what time
bed time
alpha 1 antagonist may cause what type side effects
syncope with first dose, drymouth, orthostatsis, dizziness, headache
central alpha-2 agonist examples are
clonidine and methyldopa
central alpha 2 agonist work by
work by prevent vasoconstriction, cause vasodilation, slow heart rate
central alpha 2 agonist should not be discontinued abruptly due to
withdrawals and rebound HTN
Central alpha 2 agonist have what side effects
dry mouth, depression, sedation, headache bradycardia
Examples of arterial dilators include? how do they work
hydralazine, and minoxidil, directly relax the vascular smooth muscle, results in vasodilation
what are side effects of ateriol dilators
reflex tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, flusing, dizziness, nausea
Example of direct renin inhibitor? How does it work?
tektura (aliskiren)
inhibits renin, which decreases plasma renin activity and conversion of agiotensinogen to agiotensin 2
Side effects of Tektura
diarrhea, hyperkalemia, dizziness, headache
Goal of pharmologic therapy
lowest dose with lowest number of medications