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Drug Of The Day > Antihypertensives > Flashcards

Antihypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

1st line antihypertensive in someone who is under 55 and is caucasian / brown

A

ramipril (ACE inhibitor)

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2
Q

How does ramipril work

A

stops conversion of angiotensin one to angiotensin two
no release of aldosterone and less ADH

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3
Q

how does aldosterone work

A

it causes more Na retention
so increases fluid in the body
and so works to increase the blood pressure

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4
Q

where does aldosterone work

A

in the CD

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5
Q

a patient is on antihypertensives and is complaining of a dry cough?

A

ACE inhibitors can cause a buildup of bradykinin

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6
Q

if someone isn’t responding that well to ACE inhibitors what can you prescribe instead

A

Angiotensin 11 receptor antagonist

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7
Q

what are some examples of angiotensin 2 receptor blockers

A

losartan, eprosartan

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8
Q

what is a pro of using AT2RB

A

they dont cause a build up of bradykinin so no dry cough

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9
Q

which is better at vasoconstriction ACEi or AT2RB

A

AT2RB as the target the receptor directly

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10
Q

if someone is not responding well to both ACE I and AT2RB what other medication could you prescribe

A

thiazide

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11
Q

how do thiazide diuretics work

A

they are Na/Cl receptor blockers so prevent reabsorption in the DT

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12
Q

what is BP is stage one of hypertension

A

140/90

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13
Q

what BP is stage two of hypertension

A

160/100

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14
Q

what BP is stage three of hypertension

A

180/110 (120)

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15
Q

if the three main drugs dont work what is the final drug to resort to

A

spironolactone

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16
Q

what drug class is spironolactone

A

aldosterone receptor blocker

17
Q

How does aldosterone receptor blocker work

A

it blocks aldosterone at the collecting duct
it increases the Na and H20 excretion

18
Q

what are some side effects of spironolactone

A

gynaecomastia
hyperkalemia

19
Q

what drug class is amlodipine

A

dihydropyridine

20
Q

how does amlodipine work

A

it is a calcium channel blocker and works across all peripheral vasculature

21
Q

what are three side effects of amlodipine

A

facial flushing
swelling in legs
headaches

22
Q

what class of drug is verapamil

A

it is a non dihydropyridine
Ca channel blocker

23
Q

how does verapamil work

A

it is a calcium channel blocker that slows the electrical activity of the heart and decreases the force of contraction

24
Q

what are some side effects of verapamil

A
  • risk of bradycardia
  • worsen heart failure as it slows AV conduction and can delay LV function
25
Q

in people of afro- Caribbean descent what would you prescribe

A

calcium channel blocker first because they are said to have low renin levels so dont want to give ACE inhibitor

26
Q

apart from verapamil what is another calcium channel blocker that could be used when treating hypertension

A

diltiazem

27
Q

what is another thiazide diuretic that you can give to people

A

bendroflumethiazide

28
Q

amiloride can be used as an antihypertensive what class of drug is it and where does it act

A

K sparing diuretic that acts on the DCT

29
Q

what are some drugs you should be cautious of when prescribing amiloride

A

ramipril
trimethoprim (hyperkalemia)
furosemide (hyponatremia)

30
Q

Doxazosin is also used as an antihypertensive medication
what class of drug is it

A

alpha adrenoreceptor blocker

31
Q

how does doxazosin work

A

it is a selective antagonist at the post synaptic a1 adrenoreceptors and antagonises the contractile effects of NA on smooth muscle and reduces TPR

32
Q

bisoprolol can be used to treat hypertension what is its drug class and how does it work

A

b blocker
reduces sympathetic tone by blocking NAD and reducing myocardial contraction
reduces CO, slows HR

33
Q

what are some side effects of bisoprolol

A

raynauds
bradycardia

34
Q

who should you be careful about when prescribing B BLOCKERS

A

asthmatics as it can cause bronchoconsyrictoon

35
Q

what would prescribe when someone is suffering from heart failure

A

furosemide

Drug Of The Day (16 decks)

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