antifungal, antihelmintic, ecoparasiticide Flashcards

exam 3

1
Q

superficial fungal infections affect what body components?

A

skin, scalp, nails, mucus membranes

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2
Q

systemic fungal infections affect what body components?

A

internal organs (lungs, brain, digestive organs)

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3
Q

which is more rare and difficult to treat (superficial or systemic fungal infection)?

A

systemic

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4
Q

superficial fungal infections are commonly treated with what type of application?

A

topical

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5
Q

systemic fungal infections are commonly treated with what type of medication application?

A

pills or IV meds

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6
Q

populations most at risk for systemic infections

A

immunocompromised, debilitated, those with transplants, cancer history or with HIV

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7
Q

amphotericin B (amphoterrible) route

A

IV - central line is preferred

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8
Q

3 major adverse effects of ampho B

A
  • nephrotoxicity
  • electrolyte imbalance (K + Mg)
  • anemia
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9
Q

3 labs to monitor with ampho B

A
  • BUN, creatinine
  • K and Mg
  • CBC (H+H)
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10
Q

at what creatinine level should you stop administration of ampho B?

A

> 3.5

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11
Q

describe administration steps for ampho B

A
*central line*
give 500mL-1L of NS over 1 hour 
premedicate - tylenol + benadryl
change IV tubing for D5
administer ampho B over 4 hours... slooooowwwww
give 500mL - 1L NS over 1 hour
replace K or Mg
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12
Q

over how many hours should ampho B be given?

A

4 hours

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13
Q

when administering ampho B, if patient gets rigors, what can you give them?

A

meperidine (Demerol) or Dantrolene

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14
Q

“azoles” can be given via which routes?

A

topical, oral, parenteral

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15
Q

prototype for “azole”

A

itraconazole

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16
Q

3 major adverse events from itraconazole

A
  • GI upset
  • cardio suppression
  • liver injury
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17
Q

based on the adverse event (liver injury) known with itraconazole, which s+s should you look for?

A
  • n/v/d

- RUQ pain, jaundice, anorexia

18
Q

which product can you give with itraconazole to aid with absorption?

A

cola

“itraCOCAzole”

19
Q

re: itraconazole, how should timing be adjusted for administration?

A

1 hour before drugs that raise gastric pH (H2 blockers, zantac, prilosec)

20
Q

what is the brand name for itraconazole?

A

Sporanox

21
Q

brand name for fluconazole?

A

Diflucan

22
Q

what are the adverse effects of fluconazole?

A
  • GI upset

- Stevens Johnson Syndrome

23
Q

what are the 2 organisms that cause superficial mycoses infections?

A
  • candida species

- dermatophytic infections (ringworm)

24
Q

dermatophytic infections are usually confined to which areas of the body?

A

skin, hair, nails

25
Q

what are some of the applications you would see for superficial mycoses infections?

A

cream, ointment, suppository, troche, swish and spit

26
Q

re: superficial mycoses, what is a common problem/example? (3/4 of females will get at least once a lifetime)

A

yeast infection

27
Q

what are 2 examples of meds used for superficial mycoses infections?

A

clotrimazole

nystatin

28
Q

re: clotrimazole and nystatin, what are the adverse effects (2)?

A
local irritation (w/topical)
GI upset (oral)
29
Q

helminths are what?

A

parasitic worms

30
Q

most frequent site of helminth infection

A

intestine

31
Q

what is the prototype for antihelminthic drugs?

A

meBENDazole (“bending intestine”)

32
Q

what is the drug of choice for most intestinal roundworms + mixed infestations?

A

mebendazole

33
Q

what is the mechanism of action for mebendazole?

A

prevent glucose uptake by intestinal worms (sloooowww kill)

34
Q

how many days does it take for mebendazole clearance [of worms]?

A

up to 3 days

35
Q

what adverse effects may you see with mebendazole? why?

A

RARE diarrhea + abdominal pain

if they had large worm infestation

36
Q

what is infestation with lice called?

A

pediculosis

37
Q

what is infestation with mites called?

A

scabies

38
Q

what infestation is characterized by itching worse at bedtime?

A

scabies

39
Q

what is the prototype for ectoparasiticides?

A

permethrin (Nix, Elimite)

40
Q

mechanism of action for permethrin

A

paralysis of insect (doesn’t affect ova as much)

41
Q

adverse effects of permethrin

A

exacerbation of itching, erythema, edema, burning

42
Q

what is a helpful piece of information to give to clients about tx of scabies? (re: time)

A

it may take up to 2 weeks for itching to resolve