ABX pt 1 Flashcards

exam 3

1
Q

4 examples of drugs that weaken bacterial cell wall

A

penicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, beta lactamases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

route for penicillin G

A

IV or IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which 2 penicillin G’s are available as repository?

A

procaine + benzathine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is a repository drug? (ex: types of penicillin G)

A

absorbed slowly over time to maintain level in body @ low dose

ex: IM injection given every 3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

most concerning adverse effect for penicillin

A

ALLERGY

immediate (2-30 mins)
accelerated (up to 72 hours)
late (days-weeks)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

penicillin has a cross sensitivity to what other drug class?

A

cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cephalosporins have a cross sensitivity to what?

A

penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

tx for penicillin allergic rxn (severe)

A

epi, respiratory support, antihistamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

why might someone experience pain at injection site with penicillin G?

A

it’s a viscous drug and requires a large needle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

when giving penicillin G via IM, _____ is very important. (how would you check to verify location)

+ WHY?

A

aspiration –> if intra-arterial, can cause necrosis/gangrene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

re: penicillin and ensuring they work, what can we administer?

A

combo drug with a beta lactam inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what role does a beta lactam inhibitor drug play?

A

it protects the beta lactam ring of a penicillin from being broken down by bacterial enzymes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ex of beta lactam inhibitor

A

clavulanate, sulbactam, tazobactam

“CLA SUL TAZ”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the most widely used group of abx? with low toxicity?

A

cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cephalosporins are classified by what? and explain this classification

A

generations 1—->5

as the generation increases, so does their activity against gram negative, anaerobes, ability to reach CSF
=get stronger and better!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how can you recognize a cephalosporin by its name?

A

“ceph___”

or

“cef____”

17
Q

what is the most common side effect of a cephalosporin?

A

rash - several days after start of therapy

18
Q

what is the prototype for carbapenems?

A

imipenum/cilastin (Primaxin)

19
Q

why do we give imipenum and cilastin together?

A

the combo prevents destruction of imipenem by renal enzymes

20
Q

how can you recognize a carbapenem by its name?

A

“____penem”

21
Q

what is a notable drug - drug interaction with imipenum/cilastin?

A

w/ valproate acid (seizure med)

  • can decrease plasma levels of this drug -> seizure activity
22
Q

vancomycin is known as a “___ ___” antibiotic

A

BIG GUN!

23
Q

mechanism of action for vancomycin

A

inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall

24
Q

what is the drug of choice for MRSA?

A

vancomycin

25
Q

what rate should you give vancomycin?

A

over 60 minutes … slooooooowwwwwww

26
Q

to treat _____ (serious GI infection) w/ vancomycin, you must give ___ (route)

A

C. diff // oral

27
Q

2 toxicities of vancomycin

A
  • ototoxicity

- nephrotoxicity

28
Q

knowing the common toxicities for vancomycin, what would you monitor as a nurse?

A
  • hearing loss
  • GFR, BUN, creatinine
  • trough
29
Q

what are 2 adverse effects of vancomycin (other than ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity)??

A
  • red man syndrome (hypotension, flush, rash, itch, tachycardia)
  • thrombophlebitis
30
Q

to prevent thrombophlebitis with vancomycin treatment, what would you expect to see?

A

put central line in!