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Dispensing F13 Exam 1 > antidiabetic agents > Flashcards

antidiabetic agents Flashcards

0
Q

Humulin NPH, Novolin NPH

A

Neutral Protamine Hagedorn insulin OTC

  • intermediate-acting: onset 1hr and DOA 18hr
  • a.k.a. isophane insulin
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1
Q

Humulin R, Novolin R

A

regular insulin OTC

-rapid-acting: onset 30min and DOA 8hr

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2
Q

protamine

A

a protein that extends the DOA of insulin

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3
Q

Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30

A

intermediate-acting insulin OTC

  • 70%NPH, 30%regular
  • onset 30min, DOA 18hr
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4
Q

insulin analogs (5)

A 
-insulin that has had its amino acid sequence altered (Rx only)
Humalog 
Novolog
Apidra
Lantus 
Levemir
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5
Q

rapid-acting insulin analogs

A

-onset 15min, DOA 3hr
-use 15min before a meal
Humalog
Novolog
Apidra

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6
Q

long-acting insulin analogs

A

-onset 1hr, DOA 24 hr
Lantus
Levemir

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7
Q

Humalog

A

insulin lispro

-rapid-acting insulin analog

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8
Q

Novolog

A

insulin aspart

-rapid-acting insulin analog

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9
Q

Apidra

A

insuline glulisine

-rapid-acting insulin analog

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10
Q

Humalog Mix 75/25

A

75% insulin lispro protamine, 25% insulin lispro

-onset 15min, DOA 18hr

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11
Q

Novolog Mix 70/30

A

70% insulin aspart protamine, 30% insulin aspart

-onset 15min, DOA 18hr

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12
Q

Lantus

A

insulin glargine

  • long-acting insulin analog
  • onset 1hr, DOA 24hr
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13
Q

Levemir

A

insulin detemir

  • long-acting insulin analog
  • onset 1hr, DOA 24hr
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14
Q

Humulin R U-500

A

500units/mL regular insulin (Rx only)

-only ind. for pts. needing more than 200units per day

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15
Q

antidiabetic classes

A 
sulfonylureas
meglitinides
biguanides
thiazolidinediones
alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
incretin mimetics
dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
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16
Q

sulfonylureas

A 
-avoid alcohol because it can cause hypoglycemia
chlorpropamide
Glucotrol
Glucotrol XL
Amaryl
Diabeta
Glynase PresTab
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17
Q

sulfonylurea MOA and warning

A
  • MOA: stimulate insulin release from the pancreas and increase tissue sensitivity to insulin
  • can cause SEVERE hypoglycemia if ODed
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18
Q

chlorpropamide

A

sulfonylurea

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19
Q

Glucotrol, Glucotrol XL

A

glipizide

-sulfonylurea

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20
Q

Amaryl

A

glimiperide

-sulfonylurea

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21
Q

Diabeta

A

glyburide nonmicronized

-sulfonylurea

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22
Q

Glynase PresTab

A

glyburide micronized

  • sulfonylurea
  • smaller particle size than Diabeta so it is absorbed better
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23
Q

meglitinides

A

-stimulate insulin release from the pancreas
-can cause SEVERE hypoglycemia
-avoid alcohol because it can cause hypoglycemia
Starlix
Prandin

24
Q

Starlix

A

nateglinide

-meglitinide

25
Q

Prandin

A

repaglinide

-meglitinide

26
Q

biguanides

A 
-increase tissue sensitivity to insulin, not as likely to cause hypoglycemia
Glucophage
Glucophage XR
Fortamet
Glumetza
27
Q

Glucophage, Glucophage XR, Fortamet, Glumetza

A

metformin

-biguanide

28
Q

thiazolidinediones

A

-increase tissue sensitivity to insulin
BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure
Actos
Avandia

29
Q

Actos

A

pioglitazone

-thiazolidinedione

30
Q

Avandia

A

rosiglitazone

-thiazolidinedione

31
Q

alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

-delay digestion of ingested carbohydrates which results in a smaller increase of blood glucose after a meal
-take at the first bite of each main meal
-side effect: 50% incidence of flatulence
Precose
Glyset

32
Q

Precose

A

acarbose

  • alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
  • TID
33
Q

Glyset

A

miglitol

  • alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
  • TID
34
Q

incretin mimetics

A

-imitate the incretin hormones and stimulate insulin release from the pancreas
-store in refrigerator at the pharmacy
Byetta
Bydureon
Victoza

35
Q

side effect of incretin mimetics

A

weight loss because it delays gastric emptying which makes you feel full longer

36
Q

Byetta

A

exenatide

  • incretin mimetic
  • 5mcg, 10mcg subQ pens
  • inject 1hr before breakfast and dinner
  • glucose MUST be present for Byetta to work
  • can store at RT for 6 days
37
Q

Bydureon

A

exenatide extended release suspension

  • one 2mg subQ pen
  • inject anytime independent of meals
  • can be stored at RT for 30 days
38
Q

Victoza

A

liraglutide

  • incretin mimetic
  • 0.6mg, 1.2mg, 1.8mg - one subQ pen, dial dose needed
  • independent of meals
  • qdaily
  • can be stored at RT for 30 days
39
Q

dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

A 
-DPP-4 inhibitors
Januvia
Janumet
Onglyza
Tradjenta
Jentadueto
Nesina
40
Q

MOA of DPP-4 inhibitors

A

inhibit DPP-4 which is an enzyme that metabolizes incretin hormones; will prolong the effect of incretin hormones and therefore more insulin is secreted

41
Q

Januvia

A

sitagliptin

-DPP-4 inhibitor

42
Q

Janumet

A

sitagliptin, metformin

  • DPP-4 inhibitor, biguanide
  • increases tissue sensitivity and more insulin is produced
43
Q

Onglyza

A

saxagliptin

-DPP-4 inhibitor

44
Q

Tradjenta

A

linagliptin

-DPP-4 inhibitor

45
Q

Jentadueto

A

linagliptan, metformin

  • DPP-4 inhibitor, biguanide
  • increase tissue sensitivity and produces more insulin
46
Q

Nesina

A

alogliptin

-DPP-4 inhibitor

47
Q

SGLT2 inhibitors

A

-sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors
-inhibit the transporter responsible for reabsorption of glucose by the kidney; will urinate glucose
Invokana

48
Q

side effect of SGLT2 inhibitors

A

urinary tract infections

49
Q

Invokana

A

canagliflozin

-SGLT2 inhibitor

50
Q

combination antidiabetics

A 
Glucovance
PrandiMet
Kombiglyze XR
ActoPlus Met
Avandamet
Avandaryl
Duetact
51
Q

BBW for thiazolidinediones

A

may cause or exacerbate heart failure

52
Q

Glucovance

A

glyburide, metformin

-sulfonylurea, biguanide

53
Q

PrandiMet

A

repaglinide, metformin

-meglitinide, biguanide

54
Q

Kombiglyze XR

A

saxagliptin, metformin

-DPP-4 inhibitor, biguanide

55
Q

ActoPlus Met

A

pioglitazone, metformin

  • thiazolidinedione, biguanide
  • BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure
56
Q

Avandamet

A

rosiglitazone, metformin

  • thiazolidinedione, biguanide
  • BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure
57
Q

Avandaryl

A

rosiglitazone, glimepiride

  • thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea
  • BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure
58
Q

Duetact

A

pioglitazone, glimepiride

  • thiazolidinedione, sulfonylurea
  • BBW: may cause or exacerbate heart failure

Dispensing F13 Exam 1 (10 decks)

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