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Pathology > Anticoaagulant > Flashcards

Anticoaagulant Flashcards

1
Q

Place from which Blood is taken from venous blood

A

-median cubital Vein because it does not slip
-also from dorsum of the band and saphenous Vein
-newborn ,umbilical Vein and scalp vein

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2
Q

Procedure in venous blood

A

-clean the skin with 70%alcohol
-apply tourniquet to prevent the blood from flowing
-clench the fist,tap the veins so veins become prominent
-disposable syringe
Needle-21 for adult and 23for children
-needle insert,resistance releases
-loose the tornequent, withdraw the syringe
-pour blood to the container after withdrawing
-to prevent hemolysis, mix blood with anticoagulant

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3
Q

Arteries to take blood in arterial blood

A

Radial and femoral arteries using syringes and needle

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4
Q

Procedure in arterial blood

A

-used for blood gas analysis
-2 ml of blood in heparinized syringe
-once collected do not expose in air
-remove gas bubbles in needle
-cover needle tip
-rotate the syringe to mix blood and anticoagulated

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5
Q

Procedure for taking blood from capillary

A

-if skin is cold dip in warm water
-sterilize lateral side and take blood from index/ring finger with 70%alcohol and let it dry
-don’t use index and thumb bcz it is more sensitive
-with a sterile make 2 to 3mm puncture deep
-blood flows freely .Better discard first drop
-to avoid mixing with tissue fluid, apply pressure without squeezing

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6
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Chemicals substances that prevent coagulation of blood

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7
Q

2 types of anticoagulant,.Based on?

A

Natural
Eg,heparin,hirudin
and artificial
Eg,EDTA,oxalate, citrate
Depending on nature

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8
Q

Anticoagulants for
-Blood bank
-Blood sugar estimation

A

-ACD
-fluoride oxalate mixture

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9
Q

Depending on form?
Action?

A

-Dry and wet
-1, Ca chelaters
2,Antitheombin

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10
Q

Powder form anticoagulants

A

EDTA,oxalate, fluorites

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11
Q

Liquid form anticoagulants

A

ACD,sodium citrate

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12
Q

Division of ca chelators

A

EDTA
oxalate(k,nh3,double)
Citratic(TSC,ACD,CPD)

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13
Q

EDTA

A

-used as dipotassium/disodium salt
-commercial name of na2EDTA, versene
K2EDTA, sequestrene
-conc required, 2mg/ml

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14
Q

EDTA used for haematological examination. Why?

A

It preserve the cellular components

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15
Q

EDTA advantage and disadvantages

A

Advantage
-readly available
-nontoxic
-easily soluble
-morphology maintened
-prevent platelets cloating
Routine anticoagulant 7sed in hematology

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16
Q

EDTA advantage and disadvantages

A

Advantage
-readly available
-nontoxic
-easily soluble
-morphology maintened
-prevent platelets cloating
Routine anticoagulant 7sed in hematology

17
Q

Disadvantages of EDTA

A

-more expensive
-not used for coagulation studies
-excess of 2mg/ml cause shrinkage of red cells,MCHC ^
PCV decrease

18
Q

K oxalate not used in

A

-hb estimation
-RBC Count
-PCV
-ESR
-Examination of cell morphology

19
Q

Nh3 oxalate not used in

A

-Hb estimation
-RBC count
-ESR ,blood smear
-PCV

20
Q

Con req for oxalates

A

K oxalate-3 mg/ml
Nh3 oxalate-2 mg/ml
Double-2mg/ml

21
Q

Double oxalate called balanced oxalate. Comment

A

Wintrobes mixture in 2:3 ratio
The shrinking and swelling are balanced

22
Q

Advantage of oxalate

A

-easily available
-less expensive
-prevent hemolysis
-maintain blood volume

23
Q

Disadvantages of oxalates

A

-RBC morphology not preserved
-oxalate is toxic.so oxalated blood not used for transfusion

24
Q

Citrates

A

Trisodium citrate (3.8 in 1:4 ratio for ESR by westegrnis method)
ACD(16 ml for 100 units)
CPD(14 ml in 100 ml blood)

25
Q

Use of TSC

A

Used in coagulation studies
(Effect reversible by addition of ca ++)

26
Q

How to use ACD

A

Solution placed in clean bottles
Sealed and then autoclaved

27
Q

Advantage of citrate

A

Non toxic
So used for transfusion

28
Q

Disadvantages of oxalates

A

Liquid anticoagulants
So not used for
-hb estimation
-cell count
Cz it causes dilution of blood

29
Q

Heparin

A

Naturally occurring anticoagulant
-normally in small amount
-micropolysaccharide
-available as k,lithium, and ammonium salts
-con req,0.1 to 0.2 mg/ml of blood
-not used in routine ,expensive

30
Q

Heparin is antitheombin in action comment.

A

Inhibit the formation of theombin

31
Q

Advantage of heparin

A

-Osmotic fragility test
-electrolytic estimation
-blood gas analysis
-blood transfusion in open heart surgery

32
Q

Disadvantages

A

-very expensive
-not used in blood smear,hot climatic
-prevent coagulation in limited time
-prevent
-blood collected in heparin transferred within 48 hours

33
Q

Preparation of EDTA

A

Prepare 10%to keep solution
That is 1 mg/0.01 ml h20

To collect2 ml blood dispense 0.04 ml stock soln into bottle and evaporate to degenerat
Do not cap during drying

34
Q

Preparation

A

Pathology (7 decks)

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