Anticoaagulant Flashcards
Place from which Blood is taken from venous blood
-median cubital Vein because it does not slip
-also from dorsum of the band and saphenous Vein
-newborn ,umbilical Vein and scalp vein
Procedure in venous blood
-clean the skin with 70%alcohol
-apply tourniquet to prevent the blood from flowing
-clench the fist,tap the veins so veins become prominent
-disposable syringe
Needle-21 for adult and 23for children
-needle insert,resistance releases
-loose the tornequent, withdraw the syringe
-pour blood to the container after withdrawing
-to prevent hemolysis, mix blood with anticoagulant
Arteries to take blood in arterial blood
Radial and femoral arteries using syringes and needle
Procedure in arterial blood
-used for blood gas analysis
-2 ml of blood in heparinized syringe
-once collected do not expose in air
-remove gas bubbles in needle
-cover needle tip
-rotate the syringe to mix blood and anticoagulated
Procedure for taking blood from capillary
-if skin is cold dip in warm water
-sterilize lateral side and take blood from index/ring finger with 70%alcohol and let it dry
-don’t use index and thumb bcz it is more sensitive
-with a sterile make 2 to 3mm puncture deep
-blood flows freely .Better discard first drop
-to avoid mixing with tissue fluid, apply pressure without squeezing
Anticoagulants
Chemicals substances that prevent coagulation of blood
2 types of anticoagulant,.Based on?
Natural
Eg,heparin,hirudin
and artificial
Eg,EDTA,oxalate, citrate
Depending on nature
Anticoagulants for
-Blood bank
-Blood sugar estimation
-ACD
-fluoride oxalate mixture
Depending on form?
Action?
-Dry and wet
-1, Ca chelaters
2,Antitheombin
Powder form anticoagulants
EDTA,oxalate, fluorites
Liquid form anticoagulants
ACD,sodium citrate
Division of ca chelators
EDTA
oxalate(k,nh3,double)
Citratic(TSC,ACD,CPD)
EDTA
-used as dipotassium/disodium salt
-commercial name of na2EDTA, versene
K2EDTA, sequestrene
-conc required, 2mg/ml
EDTA used for haematological examination. Why?
It preserve the cellular components
EDTA advantage and disadvantages
Advantage
-readly available
-nontoxic
-easily soluble
-morphology maintened
-prevent platelets cloating
Routine anticoagulant 7sed in hematology
EDTA advantage and disadvantages
Advantage
-readly available
-nontoxic
-easily soluble
-morphology maintened
-prevent platelets cloating
Routine anticoagulant 7sed in hematology
Disadvantages of EDTA
-more expensive
-not used for coagulation studies
-excess of 2mg/ml cause shrinkage of red cells,MCHC ^
PCV decrease
K oxalate not used in
-hb estimation
-RBC Count
-PCV
-ESR
-Examination of cell morphology
Nh3 oxalate not used in
-Hb estimation
-RBC count
-ESR ,blood smear
-PCV
Con req for oxalates
K oxalate-3 mg/ml
Nh3 oxalate-2 mg/ml
Double-2mg/ml
Double oxalate called balanced oxalate. Comment
Wintrobes mixture in 2:3 ratio
The shrinking and swelling are balanced
Advantage of oxalate
-easily available
-less expensive
-prevent hemolysis
-maintain blood volume
Disadvantages of oxalates
-RBC morphology not preserved
-oxalate is toxic.so oxalated blood not used for transfusion
Citrates
Trisodium citrate (3.8 in 1:4 ratio for ESR by westegrnis method)
ACD(16 ml for 100 units)
CPD(14 ml in 100 ml blood)
