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Pharmacology Exam 4 > Anticancer Drugs > Flashcards

Anticancer Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are the hallmarks of cancer? (6)

A

Self sufficiency in growth signals
Insensitivity if anti-growth signals
Evading apoptosis
Sustained angiogenesis
Tissue invasion and metastasis
Limitless replicative potential

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2
Q

Cancer therapy requires a multidisciniplary approach. True or false?

A

True

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3
Q

What are 2 chemotheraphy approaches?

A
  • Attack cells at S phase to inhibit DNA replication
  • Attack cells at M phase to inhibit cell division
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4
Q

Cancer chemotherapy is based on principle that cancer cells are actively replicating DNA and actively dividing. True or false?

A

True

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5
Q

What class of cancer chemotheraphy?

  • Structural analog of DNA nucleotide
  • Structural analog of molecule needed for production of DNA nucleotides
  • Bind DNA and cause DNA damage
A

S phase blockers

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6
Q

What are the S-phase blockers? (4)

A

Mercaptopurine
Methotrexate (MTX)
Doxorubicin
Cisplatin

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7
Q

What drug:
S-phase blocker
Used for the treatment of leukemia

A

Mercaptopurine

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8
Q

What drug:

S-phase blocker
Analog of folic acid
Treatment for ALL breast, lung

A

Methotrexate

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9
Q

What drug:

S-phase blocker
Damages DNA
Main chemo in breast cancer

A

Doxorubicin

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10
Q

What 2 drugs cause DNA damage?

A

Doxyrubicin
Cisplatin

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11
Q

What drug:

S-phase blocker
Damages DNA
Used for ovarian/testicular cancer

A

Cisplatin

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12
Q

What class of cancer chemotherapy is this:

  • Block microtubule polymerization
  • Promote and stabilize microtubule polymerization
  • Spindle cannot form so chromosomes cannot segregate and mitosis does not occur
A

M-phase blockers

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13
Q

What M- phase blocker:

• Spindle cannot form so chromosomes cannot segregate and mitosis does not occur

A

Vinca alkaloids

Examples- vinblastine for breast, NSCLC

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14
Q

What M- phase blocker:

• Spindle is “locked” so chromosomes cannot segregate, mitosis does not occur

A

Taxanes
Example: paclitaxel

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15
Q

What drug:

  • selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulator (SERM) used to treat ER+ breast cancer
  • binds ER and blocks estrogen binding
  • preventive role for post-menopausal ER+ breast cancer
A

Tamoxifen

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16
Q

What type of drug:

  • This type of medication blocks estrogen formation by binding to aromatase and preventing enzyme activity.
  • 2nd line therapy.
A

aromatase inhibitor

Anastrozole (Arimidex)

17
Q

What hormonal drugs are used in the treatment of early prostate cancer?

A

anti-androgens

18
Q

Early prostate cancer can bind to androgen and acting on the receptor. However, in late stages, cancer does not bind to androgen. True or false?

A

True

19
Q

What type of anticancer drugs:

Stimulate the immune system to destroy cancer cells or to minimize toxicities of cancer therapies

A

Biological response modifiers

20
Q

What are 3 types of biological response modifiers?

A

Colony-stimulating factors (CSFs)
Interleukin 2 (IL-2)
Interferons

21
Q

What are hematopoietic growth factors that stimulate bone marrow stem cells to divide and become platelets, white blood cells, or red blood cells?

A

Colony stimulating factors (CSFs)

22
Q

What are adjuvants to high-dose chemotherapy to limit anemia and infection risk? (3)

A

G-CSF and GM-CSF increase white blood cells, limit infection risk

Erythropoietin increases red blood cells, limits anemia and need for transfusions

23
Q

What biological response modifier:

  • Used mainly for renal cell carcinoma, also in malignant melanoma, colorectal carcinoma
  • Stimulates t-cell growth
A

IL-2 (Aldesleukin)

Note: IL = Interleukin

24
Q

_______ are endogenous cytokines made and secreted by lymphocytes.

A

Interferons

25
Q

What endogenous cytokine:

  • Targets immune cells and macrophages
  • Is used for hematologic malignancies, including hairy cell leukemia
  • Used against AIDS related Karposi’s sarcoma
A

Interferons

26
Q

What are 2 types of approved targeted therapies against cancer?

A

antibodies
tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)

27
Q

What targeted therapy has -ib on the end of the drug name ?

A

tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)

28
Q

What targeted therapy has -ab on the end of the drug name?

A

Antibody

29
Q

What are 3 important targeted TKIs we should be familiar with?

A

Imatinib (Gleevec)
Erlotinib (Tarceva)
Gefitinib (Iressa)

30
Q

What are 2 important targeted monoclonal antibodies we should be familar with?

A

Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
Bevacizumab (Avastin)

31
Q

Imatinib is a small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor of: (3)

A

BCR-ABL
C-Kit
PDGFR

32
Q

What drug is used for patients with:

chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)
GI stromal tumors (GIST) have mutated c-kit

A

imatinib (Gleevec)

33
Q

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against what receptor?

A

HER2

Note to self: Human Epidermal GF receptor

34
Q

What type of cancers does trastuzumab target? (2)

A

breast

gastric

35
Q

What is the adverse side effect of using trastuzumab alone as treatment?

A

Cardiotoxicity

Pharmacology Exam 4 (12 decks)

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