Antibiotics & ID Flashcards by Jen Yeh

Vancomycin

Mx: prevents cross linking of cell wall in gram POSITiVe bacteria though inhibition of amino glycosidase?

SE: red man syndrome.

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What are the four main classes in inhibiting protein synthesis?

30s:
Tetracycline- doxycycline (r)
Aminoglycoside- gentamicin (i)

50s:
Macrolide- erythromycin (r)
Chloramphenicol (i)

+ RNA synth- Rifampicin

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Side effects of doxycycline and mx of action.

Used to treat respiratory conditions? malaria, acne. Reversible binds to 30s ribosome.

SE: photosensitive rash, absorption of calcium compromised.

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Side effects of gentamicin and mx of action.

Used to treat gram negative bacteria. Irreversibly binds to 30s ribosomes.

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity.

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Side effects of erythromycin and mx of action.

Erythromycin causes prolonged QT intervals, respiratory_____ and ——

Reversibly inhibits 50s ribosomes.
Side effects of rash. Renal toxicity.

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Side effects of chloramphenicol and mx of action.

Irreversibly inhibits 50s ribosomes,

Grey baby syndrome.

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Side effects of CIPROFLOXACIN and mx of action.

Ciprofloxacin belongs to the class of fluoroquinolones.

Contraindications include, tendon and cartilage damage. Photosensitive rash.

For infective diarrhoea ,

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What are the two main classes under beta lactams? Give a drug in each class

Penicillin- amoxicillin

Cephalosporins- cephalexin.

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Perforated viscus. Empirical treatment

G -ve cover Gentamicin
G+ve cover Ampicillin or amoxicillin IV
Anaerobe cover Metronidazole

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Tazocin

For nosocomial infections.

Tazocin = Piperacillin + tazobactam

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Viral encephalitis empirical treatment

Only one virus that is treatable: HSV

Acyclovir

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Bacterial meningitis (Neisseria meningococcal) sign + empirical treatment.

S: Non blanching petechial rash
Rx: Ceftriaxone (Thought) gentamicin for G -ve + dexamethasone

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Bacterial encephalitis (strep pneumoniae or haemophillus) empirical treatment.

Benzo penicillin

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Side effects of penicillin and mx of action.

Hypersensitivity and rash

- prevents cell wall synthesis by inhibiting transpeptidase enzyme.

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Bacterial encephalitis in a child. Organism of interest and treatment:

Lissteria meningitides - gram +ve treat with BenPen.

Can cross fetal placenta

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Empirical treatment for Pyelonephritis (moderate and severe)

Moderate: Trimethoprim or Augmentin
Severe: Gentamicin and Ampicillin, if renal impairment cephtriaxone

Bugs that cause pyelonephritis ?(check)

E.Coli
Klebsiella
Staph sapprophidocus (honeymoon cystitis)
Proteus

Treatment of cystitis and contraindications

Trimethoprim (dihydropyridine, low folate, pregnancy)

If contraindicated, cephalexin (1st gen)

Empirical treatment for gonorrhoea and chlamydia

Neisseria gonnorhoea (intracellular obligate with purulent discharge) and Chlamydia trochomatas (mucous discharge) are treated the sane as the two can not be distinguished clinically.

IV ceftriaxone and gent?

Empirical treatment of strep throat

Phenoxy methyl penicillin

If allergic to penicillin, ezithromycin

Empirical treatment for cellulitis

Staph aureus : flucloxacillin

Empirical treatment for osteomyelitis

Staph aureus : flucloxacillin

Empirical treatment for septic arthritis

Staph aureus : flucloxacillin

Vancomycin if Mrsa

Gas gangrene, bloody diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis are associated with what bacteria? Rx?

Clostridium difficile (nosocomial)
1st line: metronidazole
2nd line: vancomycin (poor bioavailability, stays in gut)

Sepsis of unknown origin treatment OR perforated viscus

Flucoxacillin, gentamicin, metronidazole

Treatment for H. Pylori

PPI (Esomeprazole) Amoxicillin / metronidazole Clarithromycin + bismuth

Diarrhoea post travel to Russia, | Foul egg smelling breath

Giardiasis Treat with metro? Investigation ova,cyst, parasite test

Ascending paralysis post food poisoning

Campylobacter jejuni

Treatment of tuberculosis AND side effect of each drug

Rifampicin- orange discolouration of urine and tears, drop in platelets, flu symptoms, inactivation of pill Isoniazid - peripheral neuropathy, give PYRIDOXINE (Vit B12), increase LFT, drop WCC Pyrazinamide - hepatitis, arthralgia (CI: acute gout, porphyria) Ethambutol: optic neuritis ( colour vision affected first)

``` Treatment of HACEK /G negatives Treatment for Staph Treatment for Strep Treatment for enterococcus Treat for anaerobes ```

``` Gentamicin Flucoxacillin Benpen Ampicillin Metronidazole ```

Empirical treatment for infective endocarditis

Flucloxacillin (staph) Benzopencillin (strep and enterococcus) Gentamicin (synergistic)

Most common pathogen IE

Strep viridans Strep bovis Staph aureus Enterococcus faecalis

Empirical for gastrointestinal pre operation prophylaxis eg appendectomy

Cephaozolin Metronidazole Just cephazolin if upper GIT