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NP Prep > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the gram-positive bacteria bugs

A

Staph *
Streptococcus *
Enterococcus *

(Also listeria, propionbacterium, corynebacterium (diphtheria), clostridium (tetanus, botulis), bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

What type of bacteria usually affects below the belt

A

Anything that is not streptococcus, staph, or enterococcus

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3
Q

What type of bacteria is usually a skin bug

A

Staphylococcus

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4
Q

What infection is a plain staphylococcus infection

A

MSSA

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5
Q

What skin infection is a methicillin resistant infection

A

MRSA

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6
Q

What is a staff infection that affects the vagina and causes a UTI

A

Staph saptophyticus

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7
Q

What infection is a streptococcus infection of the throat

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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8
Q

What is the name of a streptococcus infection of the teeth that causes endocarditis i.e. dental abscess

A

Streptococcus viridans

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9
Q

What is the name of the streptococcus infection that is group B and affects pregnant women

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

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10
Q

How do you treat a pregnant woman with group B streptococcus

A

Ampicillin

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11
Q

What bacterial pathogen affects the urinary tract

A

Enterococcus

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12
Q

What are atypical pathogen’s

A

Mycoplasma
H. Flu
M. Cat

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13
Q

What are two types of beta-lactam

A

Penicillin or cephalosporin

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14
Q

If a patient is allergic to penicillin can they take a cephalosporin

A

Yes

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15
Q

If a patient is allergic to the beta-lactam ring of a penicillin can they take a cephalosporin

A

No

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16
Q

If a patient took penicillin and had an anaphylactic response can they take a cephalosporin

A

No

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17
Q

If a patient took penicillin and had hives can they take a cephalosporin

A

No

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18
Q

If a patient took penicillin and had a mobilliform rash can they take a cephalosporin

A

Yes

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19
Q

What causes Mobilliform rash

A

It is common with viral infections and sulfa drugs with patients with HIV and mono

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20
Q

What’s an example of a famous viral infection that occurs with exposure to an antibiotic

A

Mono or Epstein bar virus

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21
Q

Which rash is macular or maculopapular, lesions are fixed, area expands over several days. May itch and more prevalent in children. More common with aminopenicillins i.e. amoxicillin and ampicillin. Usually T cell mediated with concurrence viral infections predisposing the patience to this rash. Unknown mechanism by which this occurs

A

Morbilliform rash

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22
Q

What does beta-lactamase do

A

It destroys the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic

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23
Q

What is an example of an antibiotic with beta-lactamase

A

Augmentin

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24
Q

Is MRSA, MSSA, and DRSP gram positive or negative

A

Gram-positive

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25
Q

What pathogen where bug does penicillin not treat

A

Staphylococcus

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26
Q

Can amoxicillin kill DRSP

A

Yes Augmentin XR

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27
Q

What is the dose for adults of Augmentin XR for DRSP

A

2 g b.i.d. or 2000 mg b.i.d.

28
Q

What is the dose of Augmentin XR for pediatrics with the DRSP

A

80 to 90 mg per kilogram QD

29
Q

What is an example of an extended spectrum penicillin

A

Augmentin

30
Q

What does Augmentin treat

A

Gram-positive’s, Graham negative, beta-lactamase

31
Q

What does Augmentin not treat

A

MRSA

32
Q

How would you know if a bug produced beta-lactamase

A

Always suspect a bug can make beta-lactamase if the patient had an antibiotic in the last 90 days. If so then give Augmentin

33
Q

What is an example of a sulfanilamide

A

Bactrim and Septra

TMP-SMX

34
Q

Are sulfonamides gram-positive or negative

A

Gram-negative

35
Q

What does Bactrim treat what type of bacteria

A

MRSA

36
Q

What does Bactrim not treat

A

Streptococcus and E. coli

37
Q

If a patient is allergic to sulfa drugs and has MRSA how do you treat them

A

Doxycycline

38
Q

What are tetracyclines

A

Doxycycline and minocycline and vibrant in

39
Q

What does tetracyclines treat

A

Graham negative’s, atypicals, MRSA

40
Q

What is a good antibiotic for MSSA and CA-MRSA

A

Minocycline

41
Q

What is a good choice for atypical pathogens and lower respiratory tract pathogen’s

A

Doxycycline or minocycline

42
Q

How do you treat it atypical pneumonia

A

Doxy or a macrolide

43
Q

What type of cephalosporin is used for skin structure infection

A

First generation cephalosporins such as cephalexin and cefadroxil

44
Q

Does Keflex or cefadroxil treat MRSA

A

No Bactrim or doxy does

45
Q

What type of cephalosporin treats gram-positive and Graham negative’s

A

Second generation such as Cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefprozil

46
Q

Can you treat H. flu with a 2nd generation cephalosporin

A

Yes
Ceftin
Ceclor
Cefzil

47
Q

What type of Cephalosporin treats beta-lactamase

A

Third generation
Ceftibuten
Cefixime

48
Q

What type of cephalosporin has weak gram-positive and gram-negative coverage

A

Third generation such as Cesar and suprax. Covers step but not staph. Covers atypicals

49
Q

What type of cephalosporin covers gram-positive’s, Gram negative, and beta-lactamase producers

A

Extended spectrum third generation cephalosporins such as Rocephin, Omnicef, Vantin, and Spectracef

50
Q

If a patient is allergic to penicillin or cephalosporins what should you give them

A

Macrolide

51
Q

What type of antibiotic treats atypical pathogens

A

Macrolides such as azithromycin and clarithromycin

52
Q

If a patient has strep throat and reports that they have a hive and anaphylaxis reaction to penicillin what should you give them

A

A Zpack Macrolides

53
Q

Do you give ciprofloxacin for DRSP

A

No

54
Q

What are side effects of quinolones

A

Tendon rupture and QT prolongation

55
Q

What type of respiratory quinolone treats above and below the belt i.e. gram-positive’s, Gram negative’s, atypical pathogen’s, DRSP, aerobes and anaerobes

A

Third-generation respiratory quinolones such as Levaquin (levofloxacin)
Idiots antibiotic kills everything. Saved for people that cannot afford getting better treatment I.e. elderly and oncology patients

56
Q

Which respiratory quinolones treat above the belt such as gram positive, gram-negative’s, atypical pathogen’s, DRSP

A

Fourth generation respiratory quinolones such as moxifloxacin, Gemifloxacin
Not for UTI

57
Q

What antibiotic treats urinary pathogens

A

Nitrofurantoin (macrobid)

Concentrates in the bladder

58
Q

What is a gram-negative antibiotic that treats c. Diff and diverticulitis

A

Metronidazole (flagyl)

59
Q

What antibiotic is gram-positive and treats skin structure infections

A

Clindamycin

60
Q

What is a side effect of clindamycin

A

Diarrhea

61
Q

What is an antibiotic that is gram-positive and treats skin structure infections such as MRSA

A

Linezolid (zyvox)

62
Q

When treating c.diff do you treat with IV or give orally

A

Give oral

63
Q

What glycopeptide antibiotic is gram-positive and treats MRSA and staph and C. Diff orally

A

Vancomycin

64
Q

An immune mediated reaction precipitated by the destruction of a large number of Spirochetes due to an antibiotic injection

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

65
Q

What is a milder form of Stevens Johnson syndrome with no mucosal involvement

A

Erythema multiform. This is caused by sulfa drugs

66
Q

A patient who has been prescribed Keflex for pneumonia should be advised to seek immediate attention if she experiences which of the following

A

Easy bruising

NP Prep (20 decks)

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