antibiotics

Question 1

antibiotic

Answer 1

a chemical, usually produced by a microorganism, which has action against other organisms

Question 2

penicillin discovery

Answer 2

• fleming ‘discovered’ its presence

- florey-chain research it, isolated it and put it on human trials (first with tests on mice then humans)

Question 3

penicillin action

Answer 3

• its betalactam ring has reduced bond angles (to 90.c) , which makes it unstable
• beta lactam ring easily breaks open and inhibits the enzyme TRANSPEPTIDASE that contructs the cell wall
• this makes the cell wall weak
• bacteria burst due to osmotic pressure

Question 4

antibiotic resistance action

Answer 4

• beta lactamase/penicillinase inhibits the beta-lactamate action by opening the ring and making its action useless

Question 5

respones to antibiotic resistance

Answer 5

• change R groups of penicillin
• education in patients
• limit prescription of penicciln/laws

Question 6

reasons of antibiotic resistance

Answer 6

• over prescription
• not finishing course
• antibiotic waste
• use in animals
• bacterial mutation/variation