Antibiotics 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the possible bacterial causes of:

Purulent discharge from urethra.

Dysuria

?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mycoplasma genitalum

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2
Q

What are the possible investigations for STDs?

A

Mid Stream Urine

First Void Urine for PCR testing

Urethral swap of discharge

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3
Q

Which antibiotics are neisseria gonnorrhoeae commonly resistant to?

A

Resistance is now widespread to:

Amoxycillin, penicillin

1st and 2nd gen cephalosporins

Tetracyclines

Quinolones

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4
Q

How is neisseria gonnorhea treated?

A

Empirical mostly and guided by lab susceptibility testing.

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5
Q

What must be considered when treating neisseria gonnorrhoaea?

A

Considering whether

infection was acquired locally or overseas.

In metro or country area

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6
Q

What is used for neisseria gonorrhoeae in rural and remote areas?

A

Amoxycillin and probenicid (because multiresistance is not common here)

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7
Q

What is used for neisseria gonorrhoeae in metro areas?

A

Ciproflaxacin was used in the past but due to quinolone resistance the empirical choice is to use IMI ceftriaxone

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8
Q

What treatments are used for gono+C.tracho?

A

If lab tests not available: both ceftriaxone + azithromycin

If PCR tests available:
po azithromycin single dose and IMI ceftriaxone

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9
Q

How are macrolides used for Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Commonly used as single dose treatment (1 gm)

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10
Q

What are some examples of macrolides?

A

Erythromycin

Roxithromycin

Clarithromycin

Azithromycin (used for chlamydia)

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11
Q

What other uses are macrolides used for?

A

“atypical” pneumonia

Enteric infections

Typhoid fever

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12
Q

What was previous treatment for chlamydia trachomatis infection?

A

Doxycycline twice daily for 7 days

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13
Q

Why don’t beta lactams work against atypical pneumoniaeae causes?

A

They don’t have large cell walls (gram negative)

They could be viral causes

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14
Q

What should be used for atypical pneumonia if beta-lactams don’t work?

A

Azithromycin (a macrolide)

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15
Q

What are likely pathogens that cause ulceration of foot?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Staph aureus

Beta-haemolytic streps

Alpha-haemolytic streps

Peptococcus species

Peptostreptococcus species

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16
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat early diabetic foot infections?

A

Augmentum (Gram pos staph/strep)

Clindamycin + ciprofloxacin

Cephalexin (1st gen cephalosporin) + Metronidazole

17
Q

What is augmentin good for treating?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

Not P.aeruginosa

Anaerobes

18
Q

What is clindamycin good for treating?

A

Gram positive

anaerobes

19
Q

What is ciprofloxacin good for treating?

A

Broad gram negative

Including susceptible P. aeruginosa

20
Q

What antibiotics are used to treat diabetic foot infections that have gone deeper or reached the bone?

A

Tazocin IV (piperacillin + tazobactam)

Meropenem IV (a carbapenem)

21
Q

What is metronidazole good for treating?

A

Only active against anaerobes

22
Q

What is the best of the anaerobic antibiotics?

A

Metronidazole

23
Q

What is tazocin IV good for treating?

A

Enterobacteriaceae

Susceptible P. aeruginosa

Gram Pos

Anaerobes

24
Q

What is meropenem IV used for?

A

It is very broad spectrum

used for gram pos, gram neg, and anaerobes

25
What is meropenem IV used for?
It is very broad spectrum used for gram pos, gram neg, and anaerobes
26
What else can antibiotics be effectively used for?
Protozoal pathogens
27
What antibiotic is used for malaria prophylaxis?
Doxycycline
28
What antibiotic is used for toxoplasma gondii?
Cotrimoxazole Clindamycin
29
What antibiotic is used for giardia intestinalis?
Metronidazole
30
What antibiotic is used for entamoeba histolytica?
Paromomycin
31
How is paromomycin gotten?
Special access (very expensive or extremely important to have regulated use)