Antibiotics 1 Flashcards
What are the main causes of cellulitis?
Streptococcus pyogenes
Staph aureus may also cause cellulitis
What does the basic penicillin structure look like?
5-membered ring structure with S group and an N group
What does cephalosporin basic structure look like?
6-membered ring structure with S group and 2 adjacent N groups
What do beta lactam antibiotics do?
They bind to transpeptidases and prevent cell wall from forming.
What are the mechanisms of resistance that bacteria can have to antibiotics?
Inhibition of ingress
Enhanced Egress
Enzymatic destruction
Alteration of antibiotic target
How can beta lactamase be prevented from acting on beta lactam?
By combining antibiotic with beta lactamase inhibitor
What is the combination of clavulanic acid and amoxycillin known as?
Augmentin
What is the combination of tazobactam and piperacilin called?
Tazocin
What does beta-lactamase inhibitor do to amoxicillin activity?
It makes it more broad spectrum
What does piperacillin do?
Similar to penicillin against staphs and streps but much more active against gram negatives including pseudomonas aeruginosa.
What does tazocin do?
Adds activity against beta lactamase makes it more spectrum against haemophilus and anaerobes.
What makes up cotrimoxazole?
Sulfonamide and trimethoprim
What does cotrimoxazole do?
Inhibits folate synthesis
What gene codes PBP2a?
mecA chromosomal gene
What else can MRSA be resistant to?
Non-beta-lactam antibiotics like vancomycin :S
