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Oral Surgery > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

What is an antibiotic?

A

a substance tat has been dervived from one organism and destros or inhibits the gorwth of other organisms

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2
Q

Which bacteria are mainly involved in head and neck infections?

A

streptococcli and anearobes

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3
Q

Whe would you prescribe antibiotcs?

A 
pyrexi
lympadenopathy
trismus
uncontrolled swelling
facial ceullilitis
immunocomprimsied?
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4
Q

When prescribing antibiotcs, what must you consider?

A

allergy, renal function, preganncym OCP and micropganisms sensitiity

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5
Q

WHat is the dose dependant upon?

A

pateint age
weight
renal function and serverty of infection

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6
Q

What are the two catergories of antibiotcs?

A

bacteriacidal

bacteriostatic

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7
Q

Name example of common penecillins?

A

Phenoxxymethyl (Pen V)
Flucloxicillin
Co=Amoiclav (Augmentin)
amoxiclillin

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8
Q

How do penilcillins wor?

A

BActeriacidal

Interferes with cell wall syn thesis

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9
Q

How are penicillins excreted?

A

Rena;

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10
Q

What is a risk of penecillin?

A

risk of allergy in 1-10%
inactivated OCP
diorrhoea can be a frequent side effect

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11
Q

T/F Penicllins are safe in preg?

A

T

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12
Q

What spectrum do amoxicillins and Fluclox work against?

A

Fluclox: Narrow
Amox: Broad

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13
Q

What is the advantage of amoxicillin vs ampicillin?

A

better absorbed and achieves higher tissue concentrations

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14
Q

How is amoxicllin inactived?

A

by Beta Lacatamases

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15
Q

WHat are the indications for flulox?

A

skin infections and cellulitis

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16
Q

T/F Fluclos is inactivated by Beta lactamases?

A

F

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17
Q

What is augmentin?

A

Co-amoxiclav

Amox and Clavulanic acid

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18
Q

T/F Co amoxiclav is resistant to Beta Lactamases?

A

T

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19
Q

What are the indications for co -amoxiclav?

A

Severe dental infections with spreading cellulitis

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20
Q

WHat is the side effect of co amoxiclav?

A

SJS

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21
Q

What is Pen V effective against?

A

streptococcal infections

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22
Q

What is the differne between PEn V and Pen G?

A

Pen G can only be used IM and IV only

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23
Q

What would indicate an increased risk of allergic reaction to peneiclilins?

A

history of atopy

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24
Q

When would you prescib Pen V?

A

URTI and strep tosillitis

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25
Q

What are the contraindications to all penicillins?

A

allergy and poor renal function

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26
Q

WHat are group of antibitoics are metronidazole?

A

nitroimidazole

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27
Q

What spectrum of activity is metron?

A

Narrow agains gram negative anaerobes and proozoa

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28
Q

What is the method of action for metron?

A

bacteriacidal which inhibits the DNA synthesis

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29
Q

T/F metron has a high incidence of resistant bacteria?

A

F

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30
Q

What are the indcations for metron?

A

ANUG
Perio
ORAL INFECTION

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31
Q

Which drugs do metron interact with?

A

alchohol
warafin
lithium

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32
Q

it metron safe in preg?

A

NO

caterogry D

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33
Q

Where is metron metabiloised?

A

liver

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34
Q

What are the side effects of metron?

A

candidal over growth
tongue disclouration
bad taste

35
Q

T/F metron has few resistant bacteria?

A

t

36
Q

WHat group of drugs does clindmycin belong to?

A

Lincosamide

37
Q

WHat type of action of clindamyin?

A

Bcateriostatic and inhibits protein synthesis but can be static dpending upon concentration

38
Q

What spectrum of actitivy is clindalycin?

A

broad

Grame positive cocci and penicillin resistant staph, anarobes

39
Q

Whta is clindimacyin good for?

A

good bone pentration so osteomyelits and cellulits an skin infections so can be use for dental infections that have not responded to metron or penicllin

40
Q

What is the adverse effect of clindamycin?

A

pseudomembranous collitis

41
Q

T/F clindamycin is safe in preg?

A

T

cat B

42
Q

What method of action do tetracylcines have?

A

Bacteriostatic

they work by inhbiting protein synthesis

43
Q

What spectrum of activity do tetracylcines have?

A

broad

44
Q

WHen are tetracyclines indicated?

A

perio and sinusiits

45
Q

What reduces the absorption of tetracyclines?

A

milk and antaacids. milk chelates tetracyclines

46
Q

What are the side effects of tetra?

A

cat D
staining
Tetracycline binds to calcium in enamel and produces an initial fluorescent yellow discoloration.
Upon eruption of the teeth and exposure to light, the tetracycline will oxidize causing the discoloration to change from fluorescent yellow to a nonfluorescent brown over a period of months to years.

47
Q

Which drugs do tetracylines interact with?

A

anti epileptics

48
Q

WHat are the method of action for ceph?

A

Bctericidal: inhibits protein synthesis

49
Q

Name some cephalosprines

A

cetriaxone

50
Q

WHat spectrum of activity do cephs have?

A

Broad

51
Q

T/F Cephs have good bone penetration?

A

T

52
Q

How are cephs excrted?

A

renal

53
Q

WHat are the problems wth ceph?

A

10% cross over allergy with penecllins

54
Q

T/F we commony prescribe cephalosprins in denr?

A

F

55
Q

What group of antibiotcs are erthromycin?

A

Bacteriostaic

56
Q

What family does erthromycin belong to?

A

macrolide

57
Q

What sprectrum of activity do erthromycins have?

A

narrow

58
Q

When would you presicribe erthromycin?

A

pen allergy

59
Q

What is nyastain?

A

Antifungal

60
Q

How does nyastatin ork?

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis

61
Q

How does ketoconaxole and fluconazole work?

A

inhibits cell wall snthesis

62
Q

What are the side effects of antifungals?

A

GI upset

63
Q

Why doe ketoconazaole ann flucon interact with many drugs?

A

because they are a p450 inhibitor

64
Q

How does aciclovir work?

A

Aciclovir is converted by viral thymidine kinase to aciclovir monophosphate, which is then converted by host cell kinases to aciclovir triphosphate (ACV-TP). ACV-TP, in turn, competitively inhibits and inactivates DNA polymerases and incorporates itself into viral DNA chain.

It has extremely low toxicity for the normal host cells. This selectivity is due to the ability of these viruses to code for a viral thymidine kinase capable of phosphorylating acyclovir to a monophosphate; this capability is essentially absent in uninfected cells.

65
Q

Common side effects of metronidazole?

A

Stomach upset, confusion,blurred vision, fever, headache, drowsiness

66
Q

What is the first line drug and dose for dento alveolar abscess in kids and adults?

A

Adults Amoxicillin 250mg for up to 5 days tds
6-12: same as adult
1-5: 125mg oral suspension sugar free tds
12 months: 62.5mg tds

67
Q

What is the second choice antibiotic for dento alveolar abscess?

A

Metronidazole

68
Q

In which 4 circumstances would metron be your first line antibiotics in those with dento alveolar abscess?

A
  • allergy
  • patients who have had penicillin recently for another infection
  • as an adjunct to amox with those with spreading infection
  • if microbiological analysis shows predominantly anaerobic infection
69
Q

What is the name of the third line antibiotic group for dento alveolar abscess?

A

Macrolide

70
Q

Given three examples of a Macrolide.

A

Clarithromycin
Azithromycin
Erythromycin

71
Q

What are the common side effects of erythromycin?

A

Nausea
Vomiitting
Diarrhoea

72
Q

What is the first line drug of choice for periodontal conditions?

A

Metronidazole

73
Q

Under which circumstances would metronidazole not be a drug of choice?

A 
Allergy
Pregnancy
Warfarin
Alcohol dependencey 
Drug interactions
74
Q

Which antibiotics and when would you use in combination with chronic perio?

A

Good oh

Periostat: doxycycline 20mg bd three months

75
Q

What is the first and second line drug of choice for pericoronitis?

A

Metronidazole first line

Amoxicillin second line

76
Q

In which minor oral surgery procedure would you consider giving antibiotics prophylactically?

A

Implant placement

77
Q

Which antibiotics would you give prior to implant placement?

A

Amoxicillin 2g 1 hour pre op

Or clindamycin 600mg 1 hour pre op if allergic

78
Q

Which antibiotics would you prescribe for OAC?

A

Amoxicillin 250mg

and if allergic doxycycline 200mg followed by 100mg for five days

79
Q

What is the dose of aciclovir for a child aged 6month to 2 years?

A

100mg five times for five days

80
Q

What drug(s) would be used for recurrent herpes infections?

A

Aciclovir 5%cream or penciclovir 1%cream

81
Q

Which age group cannot use penciclovir?

A

Under 12’s

82
Q

What dose and what drug should be prescribed for those with shingles?

A

Aciclovir 800mg five times a day for five days

83
Q

What is the advantage of using systemic antivirals for those with shingles?

A

Reduces viral shedding

Reduces risk of post herpetic neuralgia

84
Q

How soon after the onset of the rash in shingles should antiviral therapy start?

A

Within 72 hours

Oral Surgery (16 decks)

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