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BFCP 1 FINAL > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Bacitracin

A

Gram +
Bactericidal
Cell wall - peptidoglycan polymerization

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2
Q

Fosfomycin

A

Gram + & -
Bactericidal
Cell wall - NAG formation

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3
Q

Cycloserine

A

Cell wall - prevents D-Ala-D-Ala bond

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4
Q

Beta lactams

A

Broad spectrum
Bactericidal
Cell wall - inhibit penicillin bind proteins/crosslinking

R membered ring - similar to D-Ala

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5
Q

Penicllins

A

Beta-lactam
Bactericidal
Cell wall

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6
Q

Cephalosporins

A

Beta-lactam
Bactericidal
Cell wall

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7
Q

Carbapenems

A

Beta-lactam
Bactericidal
Cell wall

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8
Q

Monobactams

A

Beta-lactam
Bactericidal
Cell wall

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9
Q

Glycopeptides

A

Gram +
Bactericidal
Cell wall - prevents crosslinking, acts on PBP

Ex. vancomycin

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10
Q

Lipoglycopeptides

A

Gram +
Bactericidal
Cell wall & membrane - prevents crosslinking, acts

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11
Q

Acid-fast bacilli

A

Ethambutol - arabinogalactan
Isoniazid and ethionamide - mycolic acid synthesis

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12
Q

Cell wall targeting

A

Affect bacteria when they are growing dividing

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13
Q

Cell membrane targeting

A

Intercalation into lipid membrane by forming pores or carpets

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14
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Gram + & -
Bacteriostatic
Folate metabolism - inhibit PABA (earlier)

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15
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Gram + & -
Bacteriostatic
Folate metabolism - inhibit dihydrofolate reductase

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16
Q

Bactrim

A

Comines sulfonamide and trimethoprim

Bactericidal

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17
Q

Quinolones

A

Gram + & -
DNA replication - inhibit topoisomerase

2 six member rings

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18
Q

Nitroimidazoles

A

Bactericidal
DNA replication - cytotoxic product, promote strand breakage

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19
Q

Nitrofurans

A

Same as nitroimidazoles (Bactericidal
DNA replication - cytotoxic product, promote strand breakage) but only aerobic bacteria

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20
Q

Rifamycin

A

Gram + & -
Bactericidal
RNA replication - inhibit RNA polymerase

21
Q

Macrocyclics

A

Only C. difficile
RNA replication - blocks RNA poly binding

22
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Bactericidal
Protein synthesis - incorrect insertion of amino acids

23
Q

Tetracyclines

A

Bacteriostatic
Protein synthesis - amino acids can’t be inserted

24
Q

Glyclyclines

A

Bacteriostatic
Protein synthesis - amino acids can’t be inserted

25
Q

Macrolides

A

Bind reversibly
Protein synthesis - prevent amino acid chain from existing

26
Q

Ketolides

A

Bind reversibly
Protein synthesis - prevent amino acid chain from existing

Like macrolide but 2 bindings sites instead of one

27
Q

Lincosamides

A

Bind reversibly
Protein synthesis - prevent amino acid elongation

28
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Bind reversibly
Protein synthesis - prevent amino acid elongation

Slightly different binding site to lincosamide

29
Q

Streptogramins

A

Protein synthesis - prevent peptide bond formation and elongation

30
Q

Macrolides, Lincosamides, Streptogramins

A

All bind to same area but slightly different actions

31
Q

Oxazolidinones

A

Gram +
Protein synthesis - inhibit initiation

32
Q

Pleuromutilins

A

Gram +
Bacteriostatic
Protein synthesis - prevent initiation and elongation

33
Q

Fusidic acid

A

Gram + & -
Bacteriostatic
Protein synthesis - prevent energy for motion of ribosome

34
Q

Breakpoint

A

MIC when bacteria is deemed susceptible or non-susceptible to antibiotic

35
Q

MIC testing

A

Borth dilution
E-test (ruler in plate)
Kirby-Bauer (patches of antibiotic)

36
Q

Post-antibiotic effect

A

How long is antibiotic effective when concentration is less than MIC

37
Q

AUC/MIC dosing

A

Time and concentration dependent
Interval and dose

Antibiotic is reversibly inhibiting so have to keep up activity

Glycopeptides

Consider toxicity

38
Q

T dosing

A

Time dependent
More frequent interval, irreversible but over time, new formed so have to keep up with killing
Penicillin

39
Q

Cmax/MIC dosing

A

Depends on PAE
Large dosing, one large dose is enough because it is irreversible - causes PAE because effects last even after
Aminoglycoside

40
Q

General resistance

A

Outer membrane proteins - block entry of antibiotic

Efflux pump - low level resistance, can be unregulated

41
Q

Beta-lactam resistance

A

PBP don’t bind well (MRSA)

Decreased permeability

Modifying enzymes

Beta-lactamases on the rise (esp group 2)

42
Q

Beta-lactamases

A

Produced by bacteria to break down beta-lactam antibiotics

ESBL
MBL
KPC
CRE

43
Q

KPC & CRE

A

On the rise, source of concern
Esp CRE because it is to common bacteria

44
Q

NDM-1

A

Easily transferred amongst people, many resistance genes

45
Q

Quinolone resistance

A

Mutations in DNA gyrase/topoismerase

Decreased permeability

Active efflux pumps

Protection of DNA gyrase/topoisomerase

46
Q

Aminoglycoside resistance

A

Methylation of rRNA

Decreased permeability

Active efflux pumps

Direct inactivation

47
Q

MLSB

A

Reisstance to one - resistance to all

Methylation of rRNA
Active efflux pumps

48
Q

Linezolid resistance

A

Methylation of rRNA

BFCP 1 FINAL (13 decks)

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