Antibiotics

Question 1

Penicillins

Interactions and SE

Answer 1

I- warfarin (increase INR), methotrexate

SE- Diarrhoea, hypersensitivity reactions

Question 2

Cephalosporin

Examples, SE, interaction

Answer 2

E- cefalexin, cefotaxime, ceftrazidime, ceftriazone
SE- GI upset, n/v, cholestatic jaundice, SJsyndrome
I- Aminoglycosides

Question 3

Macrolides

Examples, Cautions, Interactions, SE

Answer 3

E- Clarithromyicn, erythromycin, azithromycin
C- prone to QT prolongation, mysathenia gravis
I- warfarin (increase INR), statins, carbamazepine, theophylline, colchine, antipsychotics, quinolones
SE- GI disturbance, QT interval prolongation, hepatotoxicity, SJ syndrome, pancreatitis, cholestatic jaundice, hearing loss

Question 4

Aminoglycosides

Examples, cautions, SE

Answer 4

E- gentamicin
C- renal failure, myasthenia gravis, 2nd.3rd trimester of pregnancy
SE- colitis, hypocalcaemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia, nausea, peripeheral neuropathy, nephrotoxicity, otoxicity, neurotoxicty

Question 5

Vancomycin SE

Answer 5

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, pruitus, rash, red man syndrome

Question 6

Tetracyclines

CI, cautions, SE, patient counselling

Answer 6

CI-<12, pregnant, BF
Cautions- avoidi in renal and hepatic imapirment
SE- GI disturbance, tooth staining, hepatotoxicity, teratogenicitiy, colitis, headahce, visual dsturbances
C- dont take with milk and teeth staining

Question 7

Quinolone

Examples, CI, interactions, SE

Answer 7

E- Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin
CI- children, epilepsy, tendon disorders
I- warfarin, NSAIDs, Antiacids
SE- GI disturbance, headache, night time vision impairment, rashes, tendon damage or rupture, arthropathy, convulsions

Question 8

Metronidazole

Interactions, SE, patient counselling

Answer 8

I- alcohol, warfarin (Decrease INR), clozapine, acitretin
SE- arthralgia, ataxia, dizziness, headache ,hepatitis, pancreatitis, metallic taste in mouth, perioheral neuropathy, dark urine
Counselling- reacts with alcohol- profuse vomitint

Question 9

Nitrofurantoin

Cautions and CI

Answer 9

Cautions- anaemia, B12 and folate deficinency, pulmonary disease, renal or hepatic impairment, peripheral neuropathy
CI- <3 months old, term pregnancies, BF
SE_ hyperkalamia, cholestatic jaundice

Question 10

Trimethoprim
CI
Interactions

Answer 10

CI- pregnant woman
Interactions- warfarin, ACEi, ARB, amiodarone, az`thioprine, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, diuretics, amphotericin, aciclovir

Question 11

Triazole antifungals 
CI
Interactions 
Monitoring
SE

Answer 11

Examples- fluconazole
CI- pregnancy 
I- CCBs, Warfarin, sulphonylureas, colchine 
SE- gi disturbances, hypokalaemia, 
Advice- use effective contraception

Question 12

Aciclovir
Interactions
SE

Answer 12

I- theophylline, methotrexate, cephalosporins, ciclosporin, tacrolimus, NSAIDs
SE- GI disturbance, fatigue, rash, headache, photosensitivity, tremor, fever, psychosis