antibiotics

Question 1

Goal of antibiotic therapy

Answer 1

Decrease the population of the invading bacteria to a point where the human immune system can effectively deal with the invader.

Question 2

Gram-positive bacteria

Answer 2

The cell wall retains a stain or resists decolorization with alcohol

Question 3

Gram negative

Answer 3

The cell wall loses a stain or is decolorized by alcohol.

Question 4

Aerobic

Answer 4

Depend on oxygen for survival

Question 5

Anaerobic

Answer 5

Do not use oxygen

Question 6

Aminoglycosides (gentamicin)

Answer 6

powerful antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by gram negative aerobic bacilli. Have serious adverse effects.

Question 7

Indications of Aminoglucosides (gentamicin)

Answer 7

Treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible bacteria.

Question 8

Action of Aminoglucosides (gentamicin)

Answer 8

In habits protein synthesis in susceptible strains of gram negative bacteria causing cell death.

Question 9

Pharmacokinetics of Aminoglucosides

Answer 9

poorly absorbed from the GI tract, but rapidly absorbed via IM injection reaching peak within 1 hour.

Question 10

Contraindications of aminoglycosides

Answer 10

known allergy, renal or hepatic disease, hearing loss, active herpes or mycobacterial infection, myasthenia graves or parkinonsim, lactation.

Question 11

Adverse effects of ahminoglycosides

Answer 11

Ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity are the most significant.

Question 12

Drug to drug interactions of aminoglycosides

Answer 12

penicillins, cephalosporins, diuretics, neuromuscular blockers, succinylcholine, or citrate anticoagulated blood.

Question 13

Macrolide ATBs (erythromycin)

Answer 13

characterized by molecules made up of large ring lactose. Macrolide are bacteriostatic or bactericidal in susceptible bacteria.

Question 14

Indications of Macrolide (erythromycin)

Answer 14

Treating legionnaire disease, mycoplasma pneumonia pneumonia, diphtheria, chlamydial infections and chancroid.

Question 15

Pharmacotherapeutics of macrolide

Answer 15

drug is easily inactivated by gastric acid. Peak 1-4 hours metabolized liver and excreted urine and bile.

Question 16

Pharmacodynamcis of macrolide

Answer 16

inhibiting RNA-dependent protein synthesis thus causing cell death.

Question 17

Contraindications of macrolide

Answer 17

allergy, caution in people with hepatic dysfunction and renal disease, cation in lactating and pregnant women.

Question 18

Adverse effects of macrolide (erythromycin)

Answer 18

GI symptoms, urticaria, maculopapular rash, erythema, and interstitial nephritis, neurological symptoms, hypersensitivity reactions and super infections.

Question 19

Maximize therapeutic effects of erythromycin macrolide

Answer 19

Reconstitutes erythromycin with sterile water only. Prepared infusion must be used within 8 hours.

Question 20

Minimizing adverse effects of macrolide

Answer 20

it is important to administer IV infusions over 30 -60 minutes. avoid grapefruit juice increases the serum concentration of erythromycin and may cause adverse effects of toxicity.