Antibiotics 1

Question 1

Antiseptic and disinfectants

Answer 1

alcohol, iodine, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, formaldehyde, salicylic acid

Question 2

Penicillins

I. Natural:

Answer 2

Natural : benzylpenicillin

prolonged: benzylpenicillin benzathine

Question 3

II. Semi-synthetic: Antistaphylococcal:

Answer 3

oxacillin

Question 4

Aminopenicillins

Answer 4

ampicillin,

amoxicillin,

Question 5

Antipseudomonal

Answer 5

piperacillin, ticarcillin

Question 6

Penicillins with beta-lactamase inhibitor:

Answer 6

amoxicillin/clavulanate,
ampicillin/sulbactam,
piperaciline/tazobactam.

Question 7

Cephalosporins

1st Generations

Answer 7

Parenteral: Cefazolin Cephalothin Cephapirin
Oral: Cephalexin Cefadroxil Cephradine

Question 8

Cephalosporins : Second generation

Answer 8

Parenteral: Cefuroxime Cefonicid Cefmetazole Cefoxitin Cefamandole Cefotetan
Oral: Cefuroxime axetil
Cefaclor Cefprozil Loracarbef

Question 9

Cephalosporins: Third generation

Answer 9

Parenteral: Cefotaxime Ceftriaxone** Cefoperazone* Ceftazidime* Ceftizoxime
Oral: Ceftibuten** Cefixime** Cefditoren** Cefpodoxime Cefdinir**

• Drugs with antipseudomonal activity.
• • The most long-acting drugs (appointed 1–2 times a day).

Question 10

Cephalosporins: Fourth generation

Answer 10

Parenteral: Cefepime Cefpirome

Question 11

Cephalosporins: Fifth generation

Answer 11

Parenteral: Ceftobiprole Ceftaroline

Question 12

The classification by the mechanism of the action

Answer 12

􏰀 the cell wall synthesis inhibitors (beta-lactam antibiotics, polymyxins, glycopeptides);

􏰀 protein synthesis inhibitors of microbial cells (tetracyclines, macro- lides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, etc.);

􏰀 folic acid synthesis inhibitors (sulfonamides);

􏰀 nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (rifampicin, quinolones).

Question 13

Adverse reactions to cephalosporins

Answer 13

The risk of adverse reactions is low. The following is typical for cephalosporins, as well as for penicillins:

1) allergic reactions,
2) gastrointestinal disorders,
3) pain at the injection site (particularly cephalothin). They are incompatible with alcohol (disulfi- ram-like effect).

Question 14

Carbapenems

Answer 14

imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem,

Question 15

Monobactams

Answer 15

aztreonam

Question 16

Glycopeptides

Answer 16

vancomycin, teicoplanin,

Question 17

Various groups:

Answer 17

fosfomycin, daptomycin