Antibiotic use in farm animals Flashcards
BVA 7 point plan for antimicrobial stewardship
- Avoid need for Abs in the first palce by disease control/health checks
- Avoid inappropriate use
- Choose the right drug
- Monitor sensitivity
- Minimise use
- Record and justify use
- Record suspected treatment failure
What antibiotics are highest priority critically important to human medicine
Fluoroquinolones
3rd/4th gen cephalosporin
Macrolides
Polymyxins
Glycopeptides
What antibiotics work for mycoplasma
Tetracyclines, macrolides
What diseases in cattle are mycoplasma implicated in and how does this affect Ab choice
Respiratory disease
Mastitis in heifers
Properties of penicillin
Time dependent killing so need minimum 3-5 days
Some staphs are resistant by making beta lactamases so need to add clavulanate if trying to treat this
Okay at getting most places; not great at getting into tissues
Properties of cephalosporins
Bacteriocidal
Low lipid solutibility so poor penetration
Good for skin infections
4th gen is broad spectrum; others are better with gram +ves
Which antibiotic is appropriate for most conditions
Oxytetracycline
Properties of tetracyclines
BacterioSTATIC
Broad spectrum + suitable for mycoplasma
Good distribution
Properties of macrolides
Bacteriostatic
Good for gram +ves, haemophilus, mycoplasma
Good lipid solubilitt so distributes well + ion traps into milk and other secretions
e.g tylosin, tilmicosin (micotil), tulathromycin (draxxin)
What antibiotic ion traps into milk so is good for mastitis
Macrolides
Properties of phenicol
Bacteriostatic
Good distribution to CNS and eye
Can only use florphenicol in farm animals (CHLORAMPHENICOL IS BANNED)
What antibiotic reaches CNS and eye well
Florphenicol
Properties of fluoroquinolones
Bacteriocidal
Concentration dependent killing so must dose correctly
Huge safety margin so can dose high
Which antibioitics are bacteriostatic vs cidal
Bacteriocidal: penicillin, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, potentiated sulphonamides
Bacteriostatic: tetracyclines, macrolides, phenicol
Properties of potentiated sulphonamides
Broad distribution + spectrum
Deactivated by pus
Bactericidal
What antibiotics might be a good for bone infections
Oxytetracyclines, florfenicol?
What to use to treat urinary tract infections
TMPS good choice because it concentrates in the urine
NB: urine gnerally acidic esp if infected so good to get a drug that goes into acidic stuff
What might you choose to treat skin infections
Penicillin, cephalosporins
What antibiotics are good for meningitis
Penicillin; double dose + frequency
– But not good for staphs as they are resistant; can do with clavulanate but harder to cross BBB
Florphenicol
What antibiotics are good to use for eyes
Tetracyclines
What antibiotics might you choose for bovine respiratory disease
If you’re able to exclude mycoplasma from previous history can go for florphenicol as good lung penetration, penicillin, macrolides
If cannot exclude mycoplasma, probably choose oxytet
What antibiotics might you use for UTI
TMPS, penicillin/amoxy
What antibiotic might you use for eye infections
Oxytetracyclines given IM can concentrate in the eye
Tetracyclines are good for eye s
What antibiotic choice is good for lumpy jaw/wooden tongue
Streptimycin
