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✅Antibiotic - Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis Inhibitors Flashcards

1
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics

A

Mnemonic: Very Finely proficient at murder

Vancomycin
Fluoroquinolone
Penicillin
Aminoglycoside
Metronidazole
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2
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

We’re ECSTaTiC about bacteriostatics!

Erythromycin
Clindamycin
Sulfamethoxazole
Trimetophrim
Tetracycline
Chloramphenicol
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3
Q

MOA of beta lactam antibiotics

A

binds to penicillin binding proteins (PBP) in the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane

Inhibits the transpeptidation reaction that cross-links the linear peptidolycan chains constituents

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4
Q

Staph aureus exhibits this property against beta lactam antibiotics

A

Enzymatic hydrolysis of beta lactam ring by beta lactamases

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5
Q

Example of beta lactamase inhibitors

A

Clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

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6
Q

Penicillin resistance exhibited by MRSA, pneumococci, enterococci

A

structural changes in PBPs

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7
Q

What bacteria exhibits penicillin resistance by changing the porin structures in the outer cell wall impeding access of penicillins to PBP

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

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8
Q

Very narrow spectrum penicillin

A

Methicillin

nafcillin, oxacillin, cloxacillin

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9
Q

Antipseudomonal penicillins.

What other infections does this drug treat aside from pseudomonas?

A

“Takes Care of Pseudomonas”

Ticarcillin, Carbenicillin, Piperacillin

Enterobacter, Klebsiella

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10
Q

Renal tubular reabsorption of penicillin G is inhibited by

A

Probenecid

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11
Q

Which Penicillin is oral? IV?

Pen G or Pen V

A

Pen V -oral (vunganga)

Pen G - IV (inGect)

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12
Q

Methicillin is a very narrow spectrum penicillin used mainly for

A

Staphylococcus infections

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13
Q

Side effect of Nafcillin

A

neutropenia

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14
Q

Which very narrow spectrum penicillin causes Interstitial Nephritis?

A

Methicillin

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15
Q

Common side effect of penicillins

A

Hypersensitivity, GI upset

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16
Q

Ampicillin is known to cause which notable side effect?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis and rash

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17
Q

Which penicillin has greater oral bioavailability

A

Amoxicillin

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18
Q

Describe the antimicrobial coverage of extended spectrum antibiotics?

A

Amoxicillin HELPS kill Enterococci

Haemophilus influenzae
E. coli
Listeria monocytogenes
P. mirabilis
Salmonella spp. 
Enterococci
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19
Q

Piperacillin and ampicillin have enhanced effects with ______ and synergistic effects with _______

A

beta lactamase inhibitors

aminoglycosides

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20
Q

Coverage of 1st gen cephalosporins

A

PEKs first

Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella

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21
Q

Which cephalosporins are synergistic with aminoglycosides and which increases nephrotoxicity when combined with them?

A

Increases nephrotoxicity - 1st gen and 2nd gen

Synergistic - 3rd gen

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22
Q

Which generation of cephalosporin?

Cefadroxil

A

1st

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23
Q

Which generation of cephalosporin?

Cephalothin

A

1st

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24
Q

Which generation of cephalosporin?

Cephapirin

25
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cephradine
1st
26
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cephalexin
1st
27
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefomandole
2nd
28
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefonicid
2nd
29
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefprozil
2nd
30
Loracarbef is a ?
2nd gen cephalosporin
31
Which generation of cephalosporin? Ceforanide
2nd
32
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefoxitin
2nd
33
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefmetazole
2nd
34
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefotetan
2nd
35
Which generation of cephalosporin?
2nd
36
Cefotetan and Cefomandole are unique 2nd gen cephalosporins because they exhibit ____
disulfiram reaction
37
Which microbes are covered by 2nd gen cephalosporins?
HEN PEKS Haemophilus influenzae Enterobacter aeorgenes Neiserria spp. Proteus E. coli Klebsiella Serratia
38
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefotaxime
3rd
39
Which generation of cephalosporin? Ceftazidime
3rd
40
Which generation of cephalosporin? Ceftizoxime
3rd
41
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefixime
3rd
42
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefpodoxime proxetil
3rd
43
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefdinir
3rd
44
Which generation of cephalosporin? Cefditoren pivoxil
3rd
45
Which generation of cephalosporin? Ceftibuten
3rd
46
Which generation of cephalosporin? Moxalactam
3rd
47
3rd gen cephalosporin that exhibits disulfiram reaction
cefoperazone
48
Which cephalosporins are antipseudomonal?
Ceftazidime Cefepime Cefoperazone
49
____ inhibits renal metabolism of Imipinem
Cilastatin
50
Monobactam mainly used for gram negative rods (Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, Serratia)
Aztreonam
51
Aztreonam has no effect on
gram positive or anaerobes
52
MOA of Vancomycin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-ala-D-ala terminus of nascent peptidoglycan
53
How is Red Man syndrome treated?
Slow the rate of vancomycin infusion?
54
Antibiotic Drugs of last resort
I AM your Last Shot at Victory ``` Imipenem Amikacin Meropenem Linezolid Streptogramin Vancomycin ```
55
Main side effect of bacitracin
Nephrotoxicity (that is why only used topically)
56
MOA of bacitracin
Interferes with late stage in cell wall synthesis in Gram + organisms
57
MOA of cycloserine and name another drug with the same MOA
Blocks incorporation of D-Ala into the pentapeptide side chain of the peptidoglycan Vancomycin
58
Bacitracina and cycloserine are 2nd line treatments for
XDR-TB

PHRM (14 decks)

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