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Pharm Block 3 > Anti Protein Synthesis > Flashcards

Anti Protein Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

bacterial ribosomes

A

30s

50s

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2
Q

bacterial start codon

A

formyl methionine

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3
Q

sequence upstream of start codon - helps bind mRNA to 16s ribosome

A

shine dalgarno

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4
Q

A site - acceptor - tRNA 1st attaches
P site - peptide - growing polypeptide chain
E site - exit - emptying tRNA

A

elongation of protein synthesis

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5
Q

peptide transformed from P site to A site by

A

peptide transferase

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6
Q

tRNA holding the polypeptide is translocated from A site to P site, opening A site

A

translocation

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7
Q

1) bind irreversibly to the 30s, inhibit initiation complex
2) misread mRNA
3) breakup polysomes into nonfunctional monosomes

A

aminoglycosides

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8
Q

1) bactericidal
2) work on aerobic gram negatives
3) coupled with cell wall active drugs (B lactams, vancomycin)

A

aminoglycosides

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9
Q

Ways of entry

1) passive diffusion
2) ATP and O2 dependent active transport

A

aminoglycosides

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10
Q

triple antibiotic ointment

A

neomycin
bacitracin
polymixin B

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11
Q

treats hepatic encephalopathy but lactulose is better and hepatic coma to decrease bacteria growth

A

neomycin

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12
Q

treats tularemia, TB, bubonic plague

A

streptomycin

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13
Q

Pharmacokinetics

1) poorly absorbed orally - always given parenterally - distributed mainly to ECF (14-20)
2) high [ ] in otic perilymph and renal cortical tissue

A

aminoglycosides

loop diuretics should not be used with aminoglycosides to prevent ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity

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14
Q

Mech. of Resistance

1) microorganism produces transferase enzyme or enzymes that inactivate aminoglycosides

A

acetylation
phosphorylation
adenylylation

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15
Q

what two aminoglycosides are resistant to inactivation by bacterial enzymes

A

netilmicin

amikacin

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16
Q

SE: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, acute tubular necrosis, NMJ blockade

A

aminoglycosides

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17
Q

Contraindications: in pregnancy (especially streptomycin) can cause deafness in newborn; avoid in sever renal dysfunction

A

aminoglycosides

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18
Q

displaces Ca2+ from nmj - leading to decrease Ach release

A

NMJ blockade

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19
Q

tubular damage, low GFR, results in loss of urinary [ ] capacity of tubules (ATN)

A

nephrotoxicity

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20
Q

causes acute proximal tubular necrosis (acute renal failure)

A

gentamicin

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21
Q

most nephrotoxic

A

gentamicin
neomycin
tobramycin

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22
Q

hearing loss, high frequency affected 1st then low frequency

A

cochlear ototoxicity

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23
Q

headache appears 1st followed by nausea, vomiting, dizziness, nystagmus, vertigo and ataxia

A

vestibular ototoxicity

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24
Q

most cochlear ototoxic agents

A

neomycin
kanamycin
amikacin

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25
Q

most vestibulotoxic agents

A

streptomycin

gentamicin

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26
Q

bind reversibly to 30s
blocks aminoacyl - tRNA enters A site
bacteriostatic
activity on gram + and - including anaerobes

A

tetracyclines

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27
Q

treats rickettsia, borrelia, vibrio, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and acne

A

tetracycline

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28
Q

Mech of resistance

1) development of efflux pump (Tet pump)
2) ribosomal protection proteins that displaces tetracycline
3) enzymatic inactivation of tetracycline

A

tetracycline

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29
Q

1st choice for rickettsia even in children

A

tetracycline

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30
Q

treatment for urethritis

A

tetracycline

doxycycline, azithromycin and ceftriaxone for both sex partners

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31
Q

treatment for H pylori

A

bismuth, metronidazole, tetracycline and H2 blocker for 4 weeks

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32
Q

SE: calcium decreases absorption, causes tooth discoloration in young children, enamel dysplasia, skeletal deformities or growth retardation, hepatic necrosis especially in pregnant and Fanconi syndrome

A

tetracyclines

33
Q

occurs from using expired tetracycline - renal tubular acidosis

A

Fanconi syndrome

34
Q

Contraindications: can not be used in pregnancy or infants

A

tetracyclines

35
Q

oral drug - absorbed un upper small intestine
stays in intestine lumen - superinfections
excreted in urine

A

tetracycline

36
Q

excreted in stool
can be used safely in px with renal dysfunction
can cause vestibular toxicity (reversible)

A

doxycycline

37
Q

inhibits renal actions of ADH
used to treat ADH secretion tumors (SIADH)
ADR: photosensitivity and nephrogenic DI

A

demeclocycline

38
Q 
IV only 
Tet pump insensitive bacteria
broad spectrum (MRSA, VRSA)
ineffective against proteus and pseudomonas
eliminated through bile
A

tigecycline

39
Q

acts on 50s, inhibiting translocation

bacteriostatic

A

macrolides

40
Q

treat community acquired pneumonia cause by strep pneumonia, H flu, and moxraella and treats H pylori

A

azithromycin

clarithromycin

41
Q

treat legionella pneumonia, chlamydia, urethritis and cervicitis, infections of bartonella, and mycobacterium avian and toxoplasma

A

macrolides

42
Q

macrolides

A

azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin

43
Q

treats neonatal conjunctivitis and pneumonia caused by chlamydia trachoma’s and diphtheria

A

erythromycin

44
Q

SE: increased GI motility, acute cholestatic jaundice, prolonged QT interval, CYP450 inhibit (except azithromycin)

A

macrolides

45
Q

1) gram +: production of methylase (methylation)

2) gram -: resistance to esterase (hydrolyze)

A

Mech resistance of macrolides

46
Q

highly affinity to 50s resistance
used: only CAP
SE: hepatotoxicity, exacerbation of MG
Contraindication: MG

A

telithromycin - ketolides

47
Q

acts on 50s, inhibiting translocation
bacteriostatic
anaerobe activity

A

clindamycin - lincosamide

48
Q

activity against staph, strep, clostridium perfringens and MRSA

treats S pyogenes and soft tissues infections, oral infections and aspiration pneumonia caused by bactericides fragilis and also actinomyces

A

clindamycin

49
Q

SE: diarrhea, skin rashes, neutropenia, pseudomonas colitis caused by C Dif

A

clindamycin

50
Q

methylation is mech of resistance

A

clindamycin

51
Q

used also for:

1) active against pneumonia jiroveci with primaquine and toxoplasma gondii with pyrimethamine
2) prophylaxis of endocarditis in valvular heart disease before dental procedure if severe allergy to penicillin

A

clindamycin

52
Q

binds to 50s, inhibits translocation
methylation resistance
only works on gram + cocci
bactericidal

A

streptogramin

53
Q

used in MRSA and VR enterococcus faecium

given IV, 80% eliminated by biliary excretion

A

streptogramin

54
Q

ADR: arthralgia and myalgia

Potent: inhibitors of P450 CYP3A4

A

streptogramin

55
Q

binds irreversibly to 50s, inhibits peptide bond formation and halting translation (inhibits peptidyl transferase)

bacteriostatic

A

Chloramphenicol

56
Q

very good activity against Salmonella typhi and useful for rocky mtn spotted fever in pregnant women, can also be used in s pneumo, h flu, n meningitis

A

Chloramphenicol

57
Q

SE: anemia due to BM depression, aplastic anemia (irreversible), inhibits p450, gray baby

A

Chloramphenicol

58
Q

accumulation of drug in babies due to ineffective glucuronic acid conjugation system - causes flaccidity, hypothermia, shock

A

gray baby

59
Q

binds to unique 23s RNAs site of the 50s to inhibit initiation complex

A

linezolid

60
Q

activity against gram + bacteria (cocci and rods), MRSA activity (nosocomial), and vancomycin resistant bacterial strains

A

linezolid

61
Q

SE: thrombocytopenia, optic neuropathy, stocking glove peripheral neuropathy

A

linezolid

62
Q

inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase (topoisomerase 2 (gram -) and 4 (gram +))

block relaxation of + supercoiled DNA (inhibit addition of - supercoil)

A

fluoroquinolones

63
Q

treat UTI caused by pseudomonas

A

levofloxacin

ciprofloxacin

64
Q

treat gram - causes gastroenteritis (shigella, e coli, salmonella)

salmonella osteomyelitis (except norfloxacin)

treats atypical pneumonia caused by legionella

A

fluoroquinolones

65
Q

treat anthrax and prophylaxis pseudo aeruginosa

A

ciprofloxacin

66
Q

treats CAP and mycoplasma pneumonia

A

levofloxacin

67
Q

SE: Ca, Mg, iron decrease absorption - avoid with food, risk tendon and cartilage damage in elderly and children, photosensitivity, hypoglycemia, arthropathy in children

A

fluoroquinolones

68
Q

High level - point mutation in quinolone binding region of topo

A

fluoroquinolones

69
Q

ADR:

1) CNS - headache, dizziness, drowsiness
2) peripheral neuropathy
3) drug interaction: ciprofloxacin inhibits p450
4) may cause seizures by inhibiting theophylline metabolism

Conta: children (cartilage develop), pregnancy, prolong QT

A

fluoroquinolones

70
Q

antibacterial and antiprotozoa drug

bacteriocidal

A

metronidazole

71
Q

activity against giardia

treats vaginitis and cervicitis caused by protozoal infection and bacterial vaginosis caused by gardenella

Substitute for amoxicillin in triple therapy for H pylori in penicillin allergic px

A

metronidazole

72
Q

treats pseudomembranous colitis caused by clostridium

A

metronidazole

73
Q

SE: disulfuram like rxn

A

metronidazole

74
Q

above the diaphragm

below the diaphragm

A

clindamycin

metronidazole

75
Q

urinary antiseptic
Tx: uncomplicated UTI
attain high [ ] in urine
ADR: pulmonary fibrosis and hypersensitivity

G6PD def. hemolytic anemia and neutropenia

A

nitrofurantoin

76
Q

cationic detergents
gram -
topical use
B and C types

A

polymyxins

77
Q

destabilizes gram - bacteria outer cell wall through ionic interactions

A

polymyxin B

78
Q

from pseudomonas fluorescens
gram + bacteria including MRSA
inhibits staph isoleucyl tRNA synthetase
ointment for topical use of minor skin infections

A

mupirocin

Pharm Block 3 (11 decks)

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