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Pharm Block 3 > Anti protozoal > Flashcards

Anti protozoal Flashcards

1
Q

blood schizontocidal agents - erythrocytic stage

A

rapid acting - chloroquine and artemisinin within 24 hr

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2
Q

tissue schizontocidal agents - pre erythrocytic and latents forms (hypnozoites)

A

primaquine

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3
Q

gametocidal agents - kill gametocytes in blood

A

chloroquine
primaquine
atrmisinin

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4
Q

active against all species plasmodia (except falciparum)

Tx Vivax malaria - does not prevent relapse in vivax

accumulates in several tissues

A

chloroquine

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5
Q

MOA: food vacuole raises pH, inhibits polymerization of toxic heme to nontoxic hemozoin

resistance - mut in transporters PfCRT

A

chloroquine

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6
Q

ADR: nausea, epigastric pain, arrhythmias - parenteral, ocular toxicity

prolonged use - retinal damage, hearing loss, graying of hair, Bulls eye retinopathy, hemolysis in G6PD def

A

chloroquine

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7
Q

Contra - psoriasis, porphyria, retinal or visual field abnormal and myopathy

A

chloroquine

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8
Q

acts against sexual erythrocytic forms and has no significant effect on hepatic forms of malaria parasites

safe in pregnancy

A

quinine

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9
Q

ADR: cinchonism, hypoglycemia, hypotension, prolonged QT, hemolysis in G6PD def

A

quinine

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10
Q

hemolysis and hemoglobinuria associated with quinine therapy - occurs with heavy parasitization of RBCs with p falciparum

A

black water fever

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11
Q

drug resistant p falciparum

chemoprophylaxis for traverlers

generally combo with artemisinin

A

Mefloquine

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12
Q

release highly reactive free radicals
bind to membrane proteins; damages ER

oral - dihydro-artemisinin, artesunate, artemether

A

Artemisinin

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13
Q

DOC fro cerebral malaria and complicated malaria

A

artemisinin

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14
Q

safe drug
rapid acting blood schizonticide + gametocidal

WHO recomm. combo artemether + lumefantrine

A

artemisinin

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15
Q

used for drug sensitive p falciparum, vivax

inhibits dihydrofolate reductase

A

proguanil

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16
Q

disrupts mitochondrial membrane potential

target: both tissue and RBC schizonts

treatment for uncomplicated malaria and chemoprophylaxis

A

atovaquone

malarone (atovaquone + proguanil)

17
Q

tissue schizontocide for all 4 species of plasmodia

gametocidal activity

MOA: produces reactive oxygen species, cellular oxidative damage

A

primaquine

18
Q

Used: radical cure - to prevent relapse by eliminating hypnozoites - p vivax: once daily 14 days

A

primaquine

19
Q

combo with clindamycin to treat p jiroveci

contra: in G6PD def.. pregnancy, infants, granulocytopenia

A

primaquine

20
Q

long trip over 6 weeks

once a week started 3-4 weeks earlier continued for 4 weeks after

A

Mefloquine

21
Q

long trip less than a month

once a week started 3 weeks before continued 4 weeks after

A

Chloroquine

22
Q

short trip under 6 weeks

once a day started 1-2 days earlier continued for 4 weeks after return

A

doxycycline

23
Q

short trip under 7 days

once a day started 1-2 days earlier continued for 7 days after trip

A

atovaquone/proguan (malarone)

24
Q

ingestion of cysts of E histolytica
adhere to clinic epithelial cells
lyse host cell
invades submucosa

A

amoebiasis infection

25
Q

treats giadiasis

A

Metronidazole

tinidazole
paromomycin

26
Q

treats trichomoniasis

A

Metronidazole

tinidazole

27
Q

treats toxoplasmosis

A

pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine

azithromycin, clarithromycin

28
Q

transmitted by sandfly

causes kala azar: blood born hepatomegaly, splenomegaly. anemia and intermittent fever

A

Leishmaniasis donovani

29
Q

treatment for leishmaniasis

A

sodium stribogluconate

pentamidine

30
Q

ADR: hypoglycemia, nephrotoxic, acute pancreatitis

Tx: leishmaniasis

A

pentamidine

31
Q

caused by T brucei - tsetse fly

A

African sleeping sickness

32
Q

1st stage - hemolysis, lymph node enlargement

2nd stage - CNS involved, sleeping disturbances

A

sleeping sickness

1- suramin, eflornithine

2-melarsoprol

33
Q

t cruzi - by triatominae = dz?

acute stage - fever, swelling of eye

chronic stage - enlargement of organs

treament?

A

American chagas disease

nifurtimox

Pharm Block 3 (11 decks)

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