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Pharm 4 > Anti-Parasitic > Flashcards

Anti-Parasitic Flashcards

1
Q

3 targets for anti-parasitic chemotherapy

A

Enzymes/processes only found in parasite (few)
Enzymes/processes found in host and parasite but only desirable in parasite
Common biochemical functions found in both but with different properties

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2
Q

3 intestinal lumen dwelling parasites

A

E. histolytica
Giardia lamblia
Trichomonas vaginalis

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3
Q

Drug of choice for treating intestinal lumen dwelling parasites

A

Metronidazole (not ideal for cysts)

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4
Q

MOA Metronidazole

A

Prodrug - activated by reduction

Selectively toxic to anaerobic organisms

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5
Q

AE Metronidazole

A

headache, dry mouth, GI distress
Avoid alcohol consumption
Safe during pregnancy (discouraged during 1st trimester)

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6
Q

Metronidazole for Trichomonas

A

treat sexual partners simultaneously

Topical if oral doesn’t work

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7
Q

Metronidazole for Amebiasis

A

Amebicide - kills trophozoite
Drug of choice for symptomatic infections
Cysts - follow up with Iodoquinol or Paromomycin

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8
Q

MOA Iodoquinol

A

unknown

effective at eliminating both trophozoite and cyst forms

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9
Q

AE Iodoquinol

A

Gi discomfort, optic atrophy in children

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10
Q

MOA Paromomycin

A

Aminoglycoside - inhibit protein synthesis

effective at eliminating both trophozoite and cyst forms

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11
Q

Drug of choice for Cryptosporidium parvum

A

Nitazoxanide

Also treats Giardia

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12
Q

MOA Nitazoxanide

A

interfere with PFOR - disrupt energy metabolism

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13
Q

MOA Sulfonamides

A

PABA analogs inhibiting production of pteroic acid from PABA

“SULFA”

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14
Q

AE Sulfonamides

A

rash, crystalluria, GI intolerance, hemolysis

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15
Q

MOA Diaminopyrimidines

A

inhibit DHFR = no THF
Pyrimethamine
Trimethoprim

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16
Q

RES Diaminopyrimidines

A

Point mutations in DHFR

17
Q

Drug of choice for Toxoplasmosis

A

Pyrimethoxamine + Sulfadiazine
Low dose for HIV/IC
Does not effect cyst**

18
Q

AE Pyrimethoxamine-Sulfadiazine

A

folate deficiency

Co-administer Leucovorin

19
Q

Drug of choice for Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX)

20
Q

Anti-malarial drugs

A 
4 Quines + Doxy = Malarone
Chloroquine
Quinine
Mefloquine
Primaquine
Doxycycline 
Malarone
21
Q

MOA Chloroquine

A

interfere with parasite ability to detoxify compounds

22
Q

RES Chloroquine

A

huge resistance = low usefulness

Rapid export pump

23
Q

MOA Quinine

A

digestive vacuoles
interfere with Hb degradation/detoxification
may interfere with parasite DNA

24
Q

AE Quinine

A

poorest therapeutic-toxic rate
Cinchonism - hearing loss
Hypoglycemia - quinine-induced release of insulin **

25
Q

MOA Primaquine

A

Prodrug - interferes with mitochondrial electron transport

Only drug available for activity against liver forms of P. vivax and P. ovale

26
Q

AE Primaquine

A

Hemolytic anemia in pts with G-6-P deficiency

Must screen before

27
Q

MOA Malarone

A

combination of Atovaquone and Proguanil - DHFR inhibition

Highly effective against P. falciparum

28
Q

MOA Doxycycline

A

Interrupt protein synthesis

29
Q

AE Doxycycline

A

skin/teeth discoloration and sensitivity

Contraindicated in children and pregnant women

30
Q

MOA Benzimidazole

A

“BENDAZOLE”
inhibit mitosis
Treat: Ascariasis, pinworm, hookworm, whipworm

31
Q

Thiabendazole

A

second line treatment for Strongyloidiasis

Topical treatment for cutaneous larval migrans

32
Q

AE Thiabendazole

A

GI/CNS disturbances

Contraindicated in children <2 and pregnant women

33
Q

MOA Ivermectin

A

Hyperpolarization of muscle cells causing paralysis

Drug of choice for Strongyloidiasis

34
Q

MOA Pyrantel Pamoate

A

activates cholinergic nicotinic receptors in somatic muscles of nematodes causing paralysis
Drug of choice for pinworm - treat entire household
Selective toxicity to nematodes

35
Q

MOA Praziquantel

A

Increased Ca permeability leading to hyperpolarization and paralysis
Increased immune detection
Treatment of tapeworm and fluke

Pharm 4 (13 decks)

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