Anti-Bacterial

Question 1

Cell wall inhibitors

Answer 1

B-lactams

Question 2

B-lactams

Answer 2

Penicillins 
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenams
Glycopeptides
Polypeptides
Phosphoenolpyruvates

Question 3

MOA Penicillins

Answer 3

“CILLIN”

bind/inhibit PBP = no peptidoglycan/cell wall synthesis

Question 4

AE Penicillins

Answer 4

Hypersensitivity

Severe - cross-reaction to other B-lactams

Question 5

Resistant to B-lactamase

Answer 5

Very-narrow spectrum - Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

Question 6

Combination w/B-lactamase inhibitors

Answer 6

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid = Augmentin

Question 7

RES Penicillins

Answer 7

Expression of B-lactamase
Alteration in PBP binding
Alteration in porin function

Question 8

MOA Cephalosporin

Answer 8

Prefix “CEF”
same MOA as Penicillin
More resistance to B-lactamase
Broadness of spectrum increases with generation
4th gen - B-lactamase resistant; enter CNS

Question 9

4th Gen Cephalosporin

Answer 9

Cefepime

Question 10

RES Cephalosporin

Answer 10

Expression of B-lactamase
Alteration in PBP binding
Alteration in porin formation

Question 11

MOA Monobactam

Answer 11

bind PPs
B-lactamase resistant; limited spectrum
Enter CSF - treat pneumonia, meninigitis, sepsis
One Drug - Aztreonam

Question 12

AE Aztreonam

Answer 12

Hypersensitivity

Question 13

AE Cephalosporin

Answer 13

Hypersensitivity

Question 14

MOA Carbapenams

Answer 14

“PENEM”
bind PBP - used for empirical and life-threatening
B-lactamase resistant; Cambamenemase susceptible

Question 15

AE Carbapenam

Answer 15

GI - N/V/D

Question 16

Carbapenam inactivated in kidney

Answer 16

Imipenem - co-administer with Cilastatin

Question 17

MOA Glycopeptides

Answer 17

Vancomycin

Prevent peptidoglycan elongation - D-ala-D-ala

Question 18

AE Vancomycin

Answer 18

skin irritation - flushing, red neck, red man syndrome

Question 19

MOA Polypeptide

Answer 19

Bacitracin
block amino acid/nucleic acid incorporation into cell wall
Broad spectrum - restricted to topical

Question 20

MOA Phosphoenolpyruvate

Answer 20

Fosfomycin
Block early cell wall synthesis
broad spectrum; UTI

Question 21

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Answer 21

Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Oxazolidinones

Question 22

MOA Aminoglycosides

Answer 22

“MYCIN/MICIN”

bind 30S subunit - block complex formation

Question 23

AE Aminoglycosides

Answer 23

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Question 24

MOA Macrolides

Answer 24

ACE - “MYCIN”
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
bind 50S subunit - impair translocation to P site

Question 25

AE Macrolides

Answer 25

GI disturbances

Question 26

MOA Tetracycline

Answer 26

"CYCLINE" | bind 30S subunit - prevent binding of new tRNA

Question 27

AE Tetracycline

Answer 27

Nutrient interaction impairment - discoloration of teeth Ecological effects - opportunistic Photosensitivity

Question 28

MOA Clindamycin

Answer 28

bind 50S subunit - prevent complex formation | Narrow spectrum - treatment of soft tissue/MRSA

Question 29

AE Clindamycin

Answer 29

GI disturbances | C. difficile infection

Question 30

MOA Chloramphenicol

Answer 30

bind 50S subunit - prevents transpeptidation

Question 31

AE Chloramphenicol

Answer 31

RBC suppression | Gray Baby Syndrome

Question 32

MOA Oxazolidinone

Answer 32

Bind 50S subunit - prevent synthesis at P site Only used for resistant strains One drug - Linezolid

Question 33

AE Linezolid

Answer 33

blood - myelosuppression

Question 34

DNA Synthesis Inhibitors - Antifolates

Answer 34

Sulfonamides Trimethoprim Pyrimethamine

Question 35

MOA Sulfonamides

Answer 35

"SULFA" | Structurally similar to PABA - block DHF synthesis

Question 36

AE Sulfonamides

Answer 36

skin - hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, Steven-Johnson syndrome

Question 37

MOA Trimethoprim/Pyramethamine

Answer 37

inhibitor of bacterial DHF reductase = impaired DNA synthesis

Question 38

AE Trimethoprim/Pyramethamine

Answer 38

blood - bone marrow suppression, anemia

Question 39

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

Answer 39

Used for UTI/prostatitis, prophylaxis - synergistic

Question 40

MOA Fluoroquinolones

Answer 40

"FLOXACIN" inhibit topoisomerase II/IV Group 2 - gram negative; Group 3 - gram positive

Question 41

AE Fluoroquinolones

Answer 41

GI disturbances Drug-nutrient interactions - Ca prevents absorption CV problems - QT prolongation

Question 42

MOA Metronidazole

Answer 42

prodrug; binds DNA and disrupts function/causes damage | Used for C. difficile; broad spectrum anaerobics

Question 43

AE Metronidazole

Answer 43

GI disturbances | Avoid alcohol

Question 44

MOA Lipopeptide

Answer 44

bind/depolarize membrane - Ca dependent | Daptomycin

Question 45

AE Daptomycin

Answer 45

myopathy, rhabdomyolysis

Question 46

MOA Polymyxin B

Answer 46

binds phospholipids in membrane (LPS) - punch holes | Used topically in combination with Bacitracin

Question 47

1st gen Cephalosporin

Answer 47

1 gen = 2 drugs (in) Cefazolin Cephalexin

Question 48

2nd gen Cephalosporin

Answer 48

2 gen = 3 drugs (tetan, clor, rox) Cefotetan Cefaclor Cefuroxime

Question 49

3rd gen Cephalosporin

Answer 49

``` 3 gen = 4 drugs (tri tax, dine, flix) Ceftriaxone Cefotaxime Cefdinir Ceflixime ```