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Pharm 4 > Anti-Bacterial > Flashcards

Anti-Bacterial Flashcards

1
Q

Cell wall inhibitors

A

B-lactams

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2
Q

B-lactams

A 
Penicillins 
Cephalosporins
Monobactams
Carbapenams
Glycopeptides
Polypeptides
Phosphoenolpyruvates
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3
Q

MOA Penicillins

A

“CILLIN”

bind/inhibit PBP = no peptidoglycan/cell wall synthesis

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4
Q

AE Penicillins

A

Hypersensitivity

Severe - cross-reaction to other B-lactams

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5
Q

Resistant to B-lactamase

A

Very-narrow spectrum - Methicillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin

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6
Q

Combination w/B-lactamase inhibitors

A

Amoxicillin + Clavulanic Acid = Augmentin

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7
Q

RES Penicillins

A

Expression of B-lactamase
Alteration in PBP binding
Alteration in porin function

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8
Q

MOA Cephalosporin

A

Prefix “CEF”
same MOA as Penicillin
More resistance to B-lactamase
Broadness of spectrum increases with generation
4th gen - B-lactamase resistant; enter CNS

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9
Q

4th Gen Cephalosporin

A

Cefepime

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10
Q

RES Cephalosporin

A

Expression of B-lactamase
Alteration in PBP binding
Alteration in porin formation

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11
Q

MOA Monobactam

A

bind PPs
B-lactamase resistant; limited spectrum
Enter CSF - treat pneumonia, meninigitis, sepsis
One Drug - Aztreonam

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12
Q

AE Aztreonam

A

Hypersensitivity

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13
Q

AE Cephalosporin

A

Hypersensitivity

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14
Q

MOA Carbapenams

A

“PENEM”
bind PBP - used for empirical and life-threatening
B-lactamase resistant; Cambamenemase susceptible

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15
Q

AE Carbapenam

A

GI - N/V/D

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16
Q

Carbapenam inactivated in kidney

A

Imipenem - co-administer with Cilastatin

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17
Q

MOA Glycopeptides

A

Vancomycin

Prevent peptidoglycan elongation - D-ala-D-ala

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18
Q

AE Vancomycin

A

skin irritation - flushing, red neck, red man syndrome

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19
Q

MOA Polypeptide

A

Bacitracin
block amino acid/nucleic acid incorporation into cell wall
Broad spectrum - restricted to topical

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20
Q

MOA Phosphoenolpyruvate

A

Fosfomycin
Block early cell wall synthesis
broad spectrum; UTI

21
Q

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

A 
Aminoglycosides
Macrolides
Tetracyclines
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
Oxazolidinones
22
Q

MOA Aminoglycosides

A

“MYCIN/MICIN”

bind 30S subunit - block complex formation

23
Q

AE Aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

24
Q

MOA Macrolides

A

ACE - “MYCIN”
Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin
bind 50S subunit - impair translocation to P site

25
Q

AE Macrolides

A

GI disturbances

26
Q

MOA Tetracycline

A

“CYCLINE”

bind 30S subunit - prevent binding of new tRNA

27
Q

AE Tetracycline

A

Nutrient interaction impairment - discoloration of teeth
Ecological effects - opportunistic
Photosensitivity

28
Q

MOA Clindamycin

A

bind 50S subunit - prevent complex formation

Narrow spectrum - treatment of soft tissue/MRSA

29
Q

AE Clindamycin

A

GI disturbances

C. difficile infection

30
Q

MOA Chloramphenicol

A

bind 50S subunit - prevents transpeptidation

31
Q

AE Chloramphenicol

A

RBC suppression

Gray Baby Syndrome

32
Q

MOA Oxazolidinone

A

Bind 50S subunit - prevent synthesis at P site
Only used for resistant strains
One drug - Linezolid

33
Q

AE Linezolid

A

blood - myelosuppression

34
Q

DNA Synthesis Inhibitors - Antifolates

A

Sulfonamides
Trimethoprim
Pyrimethamine

35
Q

MOA Sulfonamides

A

“SULFA”

Structurally similar to PABA - block DHF synthesis

36
Q

AE Sulfonamides

A

skin - hypersensitivity, photosensitivity, Steven-Johnson syndrome

37
Q

MOA Trimethoprim/Pyramethamine

A

inhibitor of bacterial DHF reductase = impaired DNA synthesis

38
Q

AE Trimethoprim/Pyramethamine

A

blood - bone marrow suppression, anemia

39
Q

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole

A

Used for UTI/prostatitis, prophylaxis - synergistic

40
Q

MOA Fluoroquinolones

A

“FLOXACIN”
inhibit topoisomerase II/IV
Group 2 - gram negative; Group 3 - gram positive

41
Q

AE Fluoroquinolones

A

GI disturbances
Drug-nutrient interactions - Ca prevents absorption
CV problems - QT prolongation

42
Q

MOA Metronidazole

A

prodrug; binds DNA and disrupts function/causes damage

Used for C. difficile; broad spectrum anaerobics

43
Q

AE Metronidazole

A

GI disturbances

Avoid alcohol

44
Q

MOA Lipopeptide

A

bind/depolarize membrane - Ca dependent

Daptomycin

45
Q

AE Daptomycin

A

myopathy, rhabdomyolysis

46
Q

MOA Polymyxin B

A

binds phospholipids in membrane (LPS) - punch holes

Used topically in combination with Bacitracin

47
Q

1st gen Cephalosporin

A

1 gen = 2 drugs (in)
Cefazolin
Cephalexin

48
Q

2nd gen Cephalosporin

A

2 gen = 3 drugs (tetan, clor, rox)
Cefotetan
Cefaclor
Cefuroxime

49
Q

3rd gen Cephalosporin

A 
3 gen = 4 drugs (tri tax, dine, flix)
Ceftriaxone
Cefotaxime
Cefdinir
Ceflixime

Pharm 4 (13 decks)

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