Anti-Natalist:China

Question 1

Why was it developed?

Answer 1

1) In 1950 population change in China was 1.9%
2) Mao Zedong urged women to make more children
3) Resulted in rapid growth that would create too many young dependants who would put pressure on healthcare and education
4) Lowering the fertility rate would put all the attention on one child

Question 2

Details of Policy

Answer 2

1) Introduced in 1979

Question 3

Benefits

Answer 3

1) First choice of education
2) Pensions for mothers
3) Healthcare and childcare provided
4) Certificate after random checks

Question 4

Exceptions

Answer 4

1) Only 35% are subject to this policy
2) Mongols or other minorities don’t have to follow this policy
3) varies across China
4) Children of one child policy can apply to have two

Question 5

Which year was it relaxed?

Answer 5

Relaxed in 1984

Question 6

Negative consequences

Answer 6

1) Gender imbalance
- 118 males for 100 females
- In 2020 24 million males will be unable to find a wife
- Competition among males leads to social and economic discrimination
- Increased sexual violence
2) Ageing population
- 4:2:1 phenomenon: When children reach working age 1 has to care for 2 parents and 4 grandparents
- 14% of the population is 60 and over
- life expectancy has increased to 75 = more costs for country due to pressure on services such as medical costs
3) Brutality

• 19 million sterilisation since 1979
• term ‘gendercide’

Question 7

Positives of policy

Answer 7

• Fertility rate is 1.6
• Population growth rate only 0.46%
• decreases pressures on services, especially water
• population down by 30.8% due to policy