Anti Hypertensives

Question 1

Anti hypertensive drugs focus on three main area which are

Answer 1

Blood vessels
Heart
Kidney

Question 2

Example of loop diuretics include

Answer 2

Furosemide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid
Bumetanide

Question 3

Classes of diuretics include

Answer 3

Osmotic diuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Loop diuretics
Thiazide
K+ sparing

Question 4

Osmotic diuretics mechanism of action

Answer 4

They cause increase in water output by increasing the amount of solute in the urine

Question 5

An example of osmotic diuretics drug

Answer 5

Mannitol

Question 6

Mannitol is a ————- drug

Answer 6

An osmotic diuretic drug

Question 7

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drugs include

Answer 7

Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide

Question 8

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs MOA

Answer 8

Sha check your book for diagram

They work at the proximal convulated tubule

They function at the Na2+/H+ pump

For every hydrogen ion secreted into the urine a sodium is taken back into the blood

2) HCO3 + H+ = h2co3

H2co3 ———) H20 + CO2

gets back into the cell and releases anoda H+.

Question 9

Loop diuretics function at where in the nephron

Answer 9

Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

Question 10

Furosemide inhibits what pump?

Answer 10

Na2+\k+/2cl cotransporter pump

Question 11

Side effect of carbonic anhydrase

Answer 11

Acidiosis
Bicabonaturia
Hypokalemia

Question 12

Side effects of ethacrynic acid

Answer 12

Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesia
Hyperuricemia= gout formation

Question 13

Hydrochlorothiazide functions where in the nephron

Answer 13

Distal convulated tubule

Question 14

Thiazide diuretics include

Answer 14

Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Chlorothadoline

Question 15

MOA of thiazides

Answer 15

Works at Na/cl2- pump
Inhibits it

Question 16

Side effect of thiazide

Answer 16

Hypercalcemia
Gout
Hyperlipidimia ***
Hyperglycemia

Question 17

Drugs that are potassium spearing include

Answer 17

Sprinolactone
Eplerenone
Traimterene
Amiloride

Question 18

The diuretics that is good for hypocalcemia is

Answer 18

Thiazide diuretics

Question 19

Spirinolactone causes

Answer 19

Gynecomastia

Question 20

Which of the minearalocorticoid drugs does not cause gynecomastia

Answer 20

Eplerenone

Question 21

—————reverse cardiac and vascular hypertrophy and remodeling

Answer 21

ACE inhibitors

Question 22

ACE enzyme inactivates ————
So an ace inhibitior side effect is ———

Answer 22

Bradykinin

Dry cough

Question 23

MOA of digoxin

Answer 23

Inhibits Na/k+ pump leading to accumulation of Na intracellularly

The sodium opens long lasting ca 2+ channels (L-ca2+ channel)

Which causes contraction of the heart

Question 24

Side effect of digoxin

Answer 24

Arrhythmia
Vision trouble -yellow green
Alopecia

Question 25

Aliskiren ;

Answer 25

A renin antagonist drug

Question 26

Renin release pathway

Answer 26

A low arterial blood pressure causes the macula densa to stimulate the juxtaglomerulus to release renin

Question 27

An inhibitor of renin is

Answer 27

Aliskiren

Question 28

ACE inhibitors include

Answer 28

Captopril Enalapril Lisinopril Perindopril Ramipril Trandolapril

Question 29

Side effects of ace inhibitors include

Answer 29

Dry cough Hypotension Headaches

Question 30

Angiotensin blockers receptor drugs include

Answer 30

losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, Telmisartan, candesartan

Question 31

ARBs inhibitior drugs inhibitior what receptor of angiotensin

Answer 31

Receptor 1

Question 32

Reserpine; also known as ————; does what

Answer 32

Ask known as serpasil inhibit Adrenergic enzyme transmision by eating up the storage vesicle of dopamine serotonin & adrenaline in the pre synaptic and post synaptic terminal

Question 33

———- drugs eat up only norepinephrine at the peripheral nerve terminal in hypertensive drugs

Answer 33

Guanethidine

Question 34

Drugs that inhibit Adrenergic transmission in anti hypertensive include

Answer 34

Reserpine Guanethidine Guanadrel

Question 35

Methyl dopa ;

Answer 35

Is a central acting anti hypertensive drugs that activates to become alpha methyleopamine and alpha methyl norepinephrine and imitate their function at alpha 2 receptor in the medulla

Question 36

Clonidine;

Answer 36

Antagonist of alpha 2 receptor blocker in the brain

Question 37

Central acting drugs for anti hypertensive include

Answer 37

Clonidine Methyl dopa Guanabenz Guanafacine

Question 38

Alpha 1 receptor blockers drugs are

Answer 38

Doxazosin Prazosin Tamsulosin

Question 39

Non selective alpha blocker are preferably used for

Answer 39

Pheachromocytoma and not chronic hypertension

Question 40

Non selective alpha blockers include

Answer 40

Phenotolamine Phenoxybenzamine

Question 41

Labetalol is a

Answer 41

Alpha and beta blocker

Question 42

Carvedilol ;

Answer 42

Alpha and beta blocker

Question 43

Selective beta blocker are the OLOL ( A-M )

Question 44

Propranolol, oxeprenolol are what class of drugs

Answer 44

Non selective beta blocker (N-Z)

Question 45

Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathetic functions include

Answer 45

Pindolol Pentabutolol Oxeprenolol Acebutolol

Question 46

Direct vasodilators which are ——— acts by

Answer 46

Hydralazine and nitroprurisside Act by increasing nitric oxide by stimulating the endothelial cells

Question 47

Calcium channel blockers in antihypertensive is

Answer 47

Diltiazem Verapamil Nifedipine Isradipine

Question 48

Minidoxil is a vasodilator by

Answer 48

Opening potassium channels

Question 49

K+ channel opener include

Answer 49

Mindoxil Diazoxide