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Pharmacology 2nd Block > Anti Hypertensives > Flashcards

Anti Hypertensives Flashcards

1
Q

Anti hypertensive drugs focus on three main area which are

A

Blood vessels
Heart
Kidney

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2
Q

Example of loop diuretics include

A

Furosemide
Torsemide
Ethacrynic acid
Bumetanide

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3
Q

Classes of diuretics include

A

Osmotic diuretic
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Loop diuretics
Thiazide
K+ sparing

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4
Q

Osmotic diuretics mechanism of action

A

They cause increase in water output by increasing the amount of solute in the urine

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5
Q

An example of osmotic diuretics drug

A

Mannitol

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6
Q

Mannitol is a ————- drug

A

An osmotic diuretic drug

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7
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors drugs include

A

Acetazolamide
Dorzolamide

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8
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor drugs MOA

A

Sha check your book for diagram

They work at the proximal convulated tubule

They function at the Na2+/H+ pump

For every hydrogen ion secreted into the urine a sodium is taken back into the blood

2) HCO3 + H+ = h2co3

H2co3 ———) H20 + CO2

gets back into the cell and releases anoda H+.

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9
Q

Loop diuretics function at where in the nephron

A

Thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle

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10
Q

Furosemide inhibits what pump?

A

Na2+\k+/2cl cotransporter pump

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11
Q

Side effect of carbonic anhydrase

A

Acidiosis
Bicabonaturia
Hypokalemia

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12
Q

Side effects of ethacrynic acid

A

Hypocalcemia
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesia
Hyperuricemia= gout formation

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13
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide functions where in the nephron

A

Distal convulated tubule

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14
Q

Thiazide diuretics include

A

Hydrochlorothiazide
Chlorothiazide
Chlorothadoline

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15
Q

MOA of thiazides

A

Works at Na/cl2- pump
Inhibits it

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16
Q

Side effect of thiazide

A

Hypercalcemia
Gout
Hyperlipidimia ***
Hyperglycemia

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17
Q

Drugs that are potassium spearing include

A

Sprinolactone
Eplerenone
Traimterene
Amiloride

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18
Q

The diuretics that is good for hypocalcemia is

A

Thiazide diuretics

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19
Q

Spirinolactone causes

A

Gynecomastia

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20
Q

Which of the minearalocorticoid drugs does not cause gynecomastia

A

Eplerenone

21
Q

—————reverse cardiac and vascular hypertrophy and remodeling

A

ACE inhibitors

22
Q

ACE enzyme inactivates ————
So an ace inhibitior side effect is ———

A

Bradykinin

Dry cough

23
Q

MOA of digoxin

A

Inhibits Na/k+ pump leading to accumulation of Na intracellularly

The sodium opens long lasting ca 2+ channels (L-ca2+ channel)

Which causes contraction of the heart

24
Q

Side effect of digoxin

A

Arrhythmia
Vision trouble -yellow green
Alopecia

25
Q

Aliskiren ;

A

A renin antagonist drug

26
Q

Renin release pathway

A

A low arterial blood pressure causes the macula densa to stimulate the juxtaglomerulus to release renin

27
Q

An inhibitor of renin is

A

Aliskiren

28
Q

ACE inhibitors include

A

Captopril
Enalapril
Lisinopril
Perindopril
Ramipril
Trandolapril

29
Q

Side effects of ace inhibitors include

A

Dry cough
Hypotension
Headaches

30
Q

Angiotensin blockers receptor drugs include

A

losartan, valsartan, irbesartan, Telmisartan, candesartan

31
Q

ARBs inhibitior drugs inhibitior what receptor of angiotensin

A

Receptor 1

32
Q

Reserpine; also known as ————; does what

A

Ask known as serpasil inhibit Adrenergic enzyme transmision by eating up the storage vesicle of dopamine serotonin & adrenaline in the pre synaptic and post synaptic terminal

33
Q

———- drugs eat up only norepinephrine at the peripheral nerve terminal in hypertensive drugs

A

Guanethidine

34
Q

Drugs that inhibit Adrenergic transmission in anti hypertensive include

A

Reserpine
Guanethidine
Guanadrel

35
Q

Methyl dopa ;

A

Is a central acting anti hypertensive drugs that activates to become alpha methyleopamine and alpha methyl norepinephrine and imitate their function at alpha 2 receptor in the medulla

36
Q

Clonidine;

A

Antagonist of alpha 2 receptor blocker in the brain

37
Q

Central acting drugs for anti hypertensive include

A

Clonidine
Methyl dopa
Guanabenz
Guanafacine

38
Q

Alpha 1 receptor blockers drugs are

A

Doxazosin
Prazosin
Tamsulosin

39
Q

Non selective alpha blocker are preferably used for

A

Pheachromocytoma and not chronic hypertension

40
Q

Non selective alpha blockers include

A

Phenotolamine
Phenoxybenzamine

41
Q

Labetalol is a

A

Alpha and beta blocker

42
Q

Carvedilol ;

A

Alpha and beta blocker

43
Q

Selective beta blocker are the OLOL
( A-M )

A
44
Q

Propranolol, oxeprenolol are what class of drugs

A

Non selective beta blocker (N-Z)

45
Q

Beta blockers with intrinsic sympathetic functions include

A

Pindolol
Pentabutolol
Oxeprenolol
Acebutolol

46
Q

Direct vasodilators which are ——— acts by

A

Hydralazine and nitroprurisside

Act by increasing nitric oxide by stimulating the endothelial cells

47
Q

Calcium channel blockers in antihypertensive is

A

Diltiazem
Verapamil
Nifedipine
Isradipine

48
Q

Minidoxil is a vasodilator by

A

Opening potassium channels

49
Q

K+ channel opener include

A

Mindoxil
Diazoxide

Pharmacology 2nd Block (13 decks)

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