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Pharmacology 2nd Block > Anti Cancer Drug > Flashcards

Anti Cancer Drug Flashcards

1
Q

Cancer is

A

Abnormal proliferation of body cells

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2
Q

What are the phases of cells cycle

A

G0 phase : resting phase
G1 phase : organelle duplication
S1 phase : chromosome replication
G2 phase : enzyme and protein production for mitosis

M phase: mitosis occurs and daughter cell is formed that is two cells are produced

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3
Q

Classes of anti cancer drugs

A

Alkylating drugs

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of alkylating drugs

A

Exchange hydrogen bond to aklyl bond in guanine nucleotide of the dna

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5
Q

Example of alkylating drugs

A

Cisplatin and cyclophosphamide

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6
Q

A pro drug with MOA of causing akyl bond in guanine is

A

Cyvlophosamide

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7
Q

Cyclophosphamide is given through

A

Orally

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8
Q

Cisplatin is given through

A

I V

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9
Q

Ciplastin is an alkylating agent for cancer but does not bear an ———— group

A

Akyl group

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10
Q

The major site of alkylation agent of cancer in dna is

A

N7 position of guanine

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11
Q

Alkylating agents attacks what neuclotide in dna

A

Guanine ( at N7 position)

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12
Q

Alkylating agents are what type of cell cycle specificity ??

A

Non cell specific agents

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13
Q

Alkylating agents are defined as

A

Non cells specific anti cancer drugs that forms an alkyl bond on N7 of guanine which leads to a crosslinking

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14
Q

Antimetabolites are defines as

A

Cell specific anti cancer drugs that inhibit synthesis of nucleotide or inhibit synthesis of enzyme that produces nucleotide

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15
Q

Drugs that are anti metabolites includes

A

5-flurouracil
Methotrexate

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16
Q

Anti metabolites are very active at ——-phase of cell cycle

A

At S phase

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17
Q

5-FU ( 5-fluorouracil) is what type of drug and it’s mechanism of action

A

It’s an anti metabolites drugs for cancer

It inhibits thymidilate synthase an enzyme that converts dUMP to dTMP in thymine synthesis of dna structure

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18
Q

5-FU is active at what cell cycle

A

S phase of the cell cycle

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19
Q

5-FU is used in the treatment of

A

Colon surgery especially
, rectal surgery

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20
Q

Methotrexate is a drug used for

A

Cancer

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21
Q

Methotrexate mechanism of action is

A

It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in the folic acid metabolism of dna

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22
Q

Anti tumor antibiotics are chemically synthesised from the bacteria ———-

A

Streptomyces peucetius

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23
Q

Anti tumor antibiotics mechanism of action of cancer

A

1) It binds to dna and prevents uncoiling of the dna strands

2) it inhibits topoisomerase which produce helicase for unwinding

3) it produce toxic radicals that causes single and double stranded dna breakage

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24
Q

Anti tumor antibiotics include

A

Doxorubicin and Epirubicin

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25
Q

Doxorubicin is what type of drug

A

An anti tumor drug in cancer that prevents uncoiling of dna strands

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26
Q

Inhibition of uncoiling of dna strands in cancer can be done by what drug

A

Doxorubicin and epirubicin

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27
Q

Doxorubicin and epirubicin are different in that

A

Doxorubicin has more cardio toxicity that epirubicin

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28
Q

They (Mitotic inhibitors ) interfere with the normal activity of microtubles and bring about a prolongled mitotic arrest. This in turn activates the —————.

A

Spindle assembly checkpoint

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29
Q

Mitotic toxins in anti cancer drugs (what is their mechanism of action)

A

Binding to Tubulin which is a major constituent of microtubule used as spindle fiber in mitosis

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30
Q

Example of Mitotic inhibitors in anti cancer drugs include

A

Taxanes and vinca alkaloids

31
Q

Vinca alkaloids are derived from plants called

A

Rosy periwinkle

32
Q

Example of vinca alkaloids used in anti cancer treatment is

A

Vinblastine and vincristine

33
Q

Vinca alkaloids are ———— that cause damage to tissues and blistering if they escape the vein

A

Vesicants

34
Q

Vinca alkaloids means of administration is

A

Through IV

35
Q

Vinca alkaloids are mainly used to treating

A

Childhood lymphomas and leukamia

36
Q

Taxane drugs to cancer include

A

PACLITAXEL AND DOCETAXEL

37
Q

In toxicity, due to exposure to chemotherapy drugs in cancer

Which organs has easy reversibility to the exposure to cytotoxic drugs

A

Hair follicles
Bone marrow
GI tract
Lymphoid tissue

38
Q

In toxicity, due to exposure to chemotherapy drugs in cancer

Which organs has irreversibility to the exposure to cytotoxic drugs

A

Slow growing organs like kidney lungs, heart and nerves

39
Q

Why are cytotoxic drugs in cancer given in cycle??

A

So that the body will have time to recover

40
Q

Restriction point of cell cycle is

A

The point where the cell determines whether there is a need to go on with the cycle or go back to the dormant phase

41
Q

The restriction point of cell cycle is at what phase

A

Late G1 phase

42
Q

The checkpoint of cell cycle are

A

Late G1
Late S1
Late G2

43
Q

The difference between normal cell and cancer cells in terms of cell cycle is that

A

Cancer cells have lost their restriction point meaning there is no check point to see if the replication is needed so there is continuous cell cycle replication going on forever

44
Q

Anti cancer drugs that are cell cycle specific to S phase are

A

Anti metabolites : methotrexate and 5-flurouracil

45
Q

Anti cancer drugs that are cell cycle specific to G2 phase are

A

Bleomycin: causes oxidation at guanine and cytosine nucleotide leading to free radicals attacking the dna

46
Q

Anti cancer drugs that are cell cycle specific to M phase are

A

Microtubular poison : vinca alkaloids and taxanes

47
Q

PACLITAXEL is a

A

A taxanes drugs used at the M phase of cell cycle in cancer

48
Q

Doxorubicin is

A

An anti tumor drugs that attack cancer cells

49
Q

Anti tumor drugs works in 3 mechanisms which are

A

Producing free radicals leading to double and single strands dna breakage

Inhibition of topoisomerase

Dna intercalation

50
Q

Drugs that cause dna intercalation and inhibition of topoisomerase is

A

Doxorubicin and daunorubicin

51
Q

NADIR means

A

Low blood count in chemotherapy cycle

That is the time when they are receiving chemo low blood count is sure to happen

52
Q

Toxicity of anti cancer drugs that are not specific to what organs include??

A

Bone marrow
Git
Hair and skin follicle
Hyperurecemia
Gonads

53
Q

Cyclophosphamide is specifically toxic to what organ ———-causing ———-due to ———-

A

Cyclophosphamide is a pro drug, when activated produced nitrogen mustard gas and acrolein

Due to acrolein, acrolein is toxic to the bladder leading to heamorragic cystitis

54
Q

Doxorubicin causing what toxicity

A

Cardio toxicity and myelosuppresion

55
Q

The classification of anti cancer drugs that causes dna intercalation is

A

Anti tumor drugs
Doxorubicin , daunorubicin and epirubicin

56
Q

Vinca alkaloids causes what toxicity to what organ

A

Causes neurotoxicity,causing peripheral neuropathy (ie affects nerve)

57
Q

Which anti cancer drugs is highly emetogenic

A

Cisplatin

58
Q

Immunotherapy to cancer entails

A

Using the immune system to fight cancer

59
Q

Rituximab is a drug that targets ———- antibody in cancer

A

B cell antibody

60
Q

Rituximab responds to ——— receptor on ——- antibody in cancer

A

CD20 on B cells antibody

61
Q

Function of Rituximab

A

Targets B cell antibody by attaching to receptor CD20

62
Q

Alemtuzumab responds to ——— receptor on ——- antibody in cancer

A

Cd52 on T cells

63
Q

Alemtuzumab is a drug that targets ———- antibody in cancer

A

T cell antibody

64
Q

Drug that attaches to HER1and HER2 receptor and inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer is ??

A

Cetuximab and transtuzumab

65
Q

Cetizumab is a drug used for

A

Cancer by inhibiting proliferation and causing apoptosis

66
Q

A drug that attaches to CTLA-4 on T cell and inactivates it leading to T cell rampage in cancer is

A

Ipilimumab

67
Q

Ipilimumab attaches to ——- receptor on T cells

A

CTLA-4 receptor

68
Q

Pembrolizumab attaches to ———receptor on ——- cells in killing cancer

A

PD-1 receptor on T cell

69
Q

Angiogenesis inhibitors drugs in cancer includes

A

Bevacizumab/avastin

70
Q

Bevacizumab mechanism of action is to

A

Inhibit VEG-F (vascular endothelial growth factor)

71
Q

A side effect of 5-Fu in anti cancer is

A

VTE venous thromboembolism

72
Q

Anti cancer drugs that their side effect is NADIR effect is

A

Anti metabolites

Methotrexate nd 5-FU

73
Q

A drug that is angiogenesis inhibitor in anti cancer treatment is

A

Bevacizumab

74
Q

Bevacizumab MOA IS

A

It inhibits VEG-F

Pharmacology 2nd Block (13 decks)

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