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Pharmacology 2nd Block > Anti Cancer Drug > Flashcards

Anti Cancer Drug Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

Cancer is

A

Abnormal proliferation of body cells

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2
Q

What are the phases of cells cycle

A

G0 phase : resting phase
G1 phase : organelle duplication
S1 phase : chromosome replication
G2 phase : enzyme and protein production for mitosis

M phase: mitosis occurs and daughter cell is formed that is two cells are produced

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3
Q

Classes of anti cancer drugs

A

Alkylating drugs

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of alkylating drugs

A

Exchange hydrogen bond to aklyl bond in guanine nucleotide of the dna

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5
Q

Example of alkylating drugs

A

Cisplatin and cyclophosphamide

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6
Q

A pro drug with MOA of causing akyl bond in guanine is

A

Cyvlophosamide

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7
Q

Cyclophosphamide is given through

A

Orally

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8
Q

Cisplatin is given through

A

I V

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9
Q

Ciplastin is an alkylating agent for cancer but does not bear an ———— group

A

Akyl group

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10
Q

The major site of alkylation agent of cancer in dna is

A

N7 position of guanine

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11
Q

Alkylating agents attacks what neuclotide in dna

A

Guanine ( at N7 position)

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12
Q

Alkylating agents are what type of cell cycle specificity ??

A

Non cell specific agents

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13
Q

Alkylating agents are defined as

A

Non cells specific anti cancer drugs that forms an alkyl bond on N7 of guanine which leads to a crosslinking

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14
Q

Antimetabolites are defines as

A

Cell specific anti cancer drugs that inhibit synthesis of nucleotide or inhibit synthesis of enzyme that produces nucleotide

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15
Q

Drugs that are anti metabolites includes

A

5-flurouracil
Methotrexate

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16
Q

Anti metabolites are very active at ——-phase of cell cycle

A

At S phase

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17
Q

5-FU ( 5-fluorouracil) is what type of drug and it’s mechanism of action

A

It’s an anti metabolites drugs for cancer

It inhibits thymidilate synthase an enzyme that converts dUMP to dTMP in thymine synthesis of dna structure

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18
Q

5-FU is active at what cell cycle

A

S phase of the cell cycle

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19
Q

5-FU is used in the treatment of

A

Colon surgery especially
, rectal surgery

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20
Q

Methotrexate is a drug used for

A

Cancer

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21
Q

Methotrexate mechanism of action is

A

It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase in the folic acid metabolism of dna

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22
Q

Anti tumor antibiotics are chemically synthesised from the bacteria ———-

A

Streptomyces peucetius

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23
Q

Anti tumor antibiotics mechanism of action of cancer

A

1) It binds to dna and prevents uncoiling of the dna strands

2) it inhibits topoisomerase which produce helicase for unwinding

3) it produce toxic radicals that causes single and double stranded dna breakage

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24
Q

Anti tumor antibiotics include

A

Doxorubicin and Epirubicin

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25
Doxorubicin is what type of drug
An anti tumor drug in cancer that prevents uncoiling of dna strands
26
Inhibition of uncoiling of dna strands in cancer can be done by what drug
Doxorubicin and epirubicin
27
Doxorubicin and epirubicin are different in that
Doxorubicin has more cardio toxicity that epirubicin
28
They (Mitotic inhibitors ) interfere with the normal activity of microtubles and bring about a prolongled mitotic arrest. This in turn activates the —————.
Spindle assembly checkpoint
29
Mitotic toxins in anti cancer drugs (what is their mechanism of action)
Binding to Tubulin which is a major constituent of microtubule used as spindle fiber in mitosis
30
Example of Mitotic inhibitors in anti cancer drugs include
Taxanes and vinca alkaloids
31
Vinca alkaloids are derived from plants called
Rosy periwinkle
32
Example of vinca alkaloids used in anti cancer treatment is
Vinblastine and vincristine
33
Vinca alkaloids are ———— that cause damage to tissues and blistering if they escape the vein
Vesicants
34
Vinca alkaloids means of administration is
Through IV
35
Vinca alkaloids are mainly used to treating
Childhood lymphomas and leukamia
36
Taxane drugs to cancer include
PACLITAXEL AND DOCETAXEL
37
In toxicity, due to exposure to chemotherapy drugs in cancer Which organs has easy reversibility to the exposure to cytotoxic drugs
Hair follicles Bone marrow GI tract Lymphoid tissue
38
In toxicity, due to exposure to chemotherapy drugs in cancer Which organs has irreversibility to the exposure to cytotoxic drugs
Slow growing organs like kidney lungs, heart and nerves
39
Why are cytotoxic drugs in cancer given in cycle??
So that the body will have time to recover
40
Restriction point of cell cycle is
The point where the cell determines whether there is a need to go on with the cycle or go back to the dormant phase
41
The restriction point of cell cycle is at what phase
Late G1 phase
42
The checkpoint of cell cycle are
Late G1 Late S1 Late G2
43
The difference between normal cell and cancer cells in terms of cell cycle is that
Cancer cells have lost their restriction point meaning there is no check point to see if the replication is needed so there is continuous cell cycle replication going on forever
44
Anti cancer drugs that are cell cycle specific to S phase are
Anti metabolites : methotrexate and 5-flurouracil
45
Anti cancer drugs that are cell cycle specific to G2 phase are
Bleomycin: causes oxidation at guanine and cytosine nucleotide leading to free radicals attacking the dna
46
Anti cancer drugs that are cell cycle specific to M phase are
Microtubular poison : vinca alkaloids and taxanes
47
PACLITAXEL is a
A taxanes drugs used at the M phase of cell cycle in cancer
48
Doxorubicin is
An anti tumor drugs that attack cancer cells
49
Anti tumor drugs works in 3 mechanisms which are
Producing free radicals leading to double and single strands dna breakage Inhibition of topoisomerase Dna intercalation
50
Drugs that cause dna intercalation and inhibition of topoisomerase is
Doxorubicin and daunorubicin
51
NADIR means
Low blood count in chemotherapy cycle That is the time when they are receiving chemo low blood count is sure to happen
52
Toxicity of anti cancer drugs that are not specific to what organs include??
Bone marrow Git Hair and skin follicle Hyperurecemia Gonads
53
Cyclophosphamide is specifically toxic to what organ ———-causing ———-due to ———-
Cyclophosphamide is a pro drug, when activated produced nitrogen mustard gas and acrolein Due to acrolein, acrolein is toxic to the bladder leading to heamorragic cystitis
54
Doxorubicin causing what toxicity
Cardio toxicity and myelosuppresion
55
The classification of anti cancer drugs that causes dna intercalation is
Anti tumor drugs Doxorubicin , daunorubicin and epirubicin
56
Vinca alkaloids causes what toxicity to what organ
Causes neurotoxicity,causing peripheral neuropathy (ie affects nerve)
57
Which anti cancer drugs is highly emetogenic
Cisplatin
58
Immunotherapy to cancer entails
Using the immune system to fight cancer
59
Rituximab is a drug that targets ———- antibody in cancer
B cell antibody
60
Rituximab responds to ——— receptor on ——- antibody in cancer
CD20 on B cells antibody
61
Function of Rituximab
Targets B cell antibody by attaching to receptor CD20
62
Alemtuzumab responds to ——— receptor on ——- antibody in cancer
Cd52 on T cells
63
Alemtuzumab is a drug that targets ———- antibody in cancer
T cell antibody
64
Drug that attaches to HER1and HER2 receptor and inhibits proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer is ??
Cetuximab and transtuzumab
65
Cetizumab is a drug used for
Cancer by inhibiting proliferation and causing apoptosis
66
A drug that attaches to CTLA-4 on T cell and inactivates it leading to T cell rampage in cancer is
Ipilimumab
67
Ipilimumab attaches to ——- receptor on T cells
CTLA-4 receptor
68
Pembrolizumab attaches to ———receptor on ——- cells in killing cancer
PD-1 receptor on T cell
69
Angiogenesis inhibitors drugs in cancer includes
Bevacizumab/avastin
70
Bevacizumab mechanism of action is to
Inhibit VEG-F (vascular endothelial growth factor)
71
A side effect of 5-Fu in anti cancer is
VTE venous thromboembolism
72
Anti cancer drugs that their side effect is NADIR effect is
Anti metabolites Methotrexate nd 5-FU
73
A drug that is angiogenesis inhibitor in anti cancer treatment is
Bevacizumab
74
Bevacizumab MOA IS
It inhibits VEG-F

Pharmacology 2nd Block (13 decks)

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