Adrenal Steroids

Question 1

The cortex of the adrenal gland is made up of three layer called

Answer 1

Zona glomerulosa
Zona fasciculata
Zona reticularis. (GFR)

Question 2

Zona glomerulosa secretes what hormone

Answer 2

Mineralocorticoids ( aldersterone)

Question 3

Zona fasciculata secretes what hormone

Answer 3

Glucocorticoid ( cortisol)

Question 4

Zona reticularis secretes what hormone

Answer 4

Adrenal androgen

Question 5

Synthesis of cortisone is regulated by release of ————— released by the ————-

Answer 5

Corticotropin releasing hormone

By the hypothalamus

Question 6

Corticotropin relaasing hormone stimulates the ———- to release———

Answer 6

Pituitary gland to adenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 7

ACTH is regulated by

Answer 7

CTH and amount of glucocorticoid in the blood

Question 8

Glucocorticoid are diabetogenic because

Answer 8

They increase insulin resistance

Question 9

Function of glucocorticoid

Answer 9

Primary role is to increase glucose in the blood so ;

Increase gluconeogeneis
Increase Lipolysis
Increase protein catabolism
Increase insulin resistance

Decrease the immune system
Decrease absorption of calcium into bone and increase its secretion

Increase na and water retention leading to high Bp

Question 10

The immunosuppressive ability of glucocorticoid is useful in conditions like

Answer 10

Crohn’s disease
Ulcerative colitis
Rheumatoid arthritis

Disease where inflammation makes the situation worse

Question 11

Short acting glucocorticoids include

Answer 11

Hydrocortisone and cortisone

Question 12

Intermediate acting glucocorticoids include

Answer 12

Prednisone
Predisolone
Methylprednisolone
Triamcinolone

Question 13

Long acting glucocorticoids include

Answer 13

Dexamethasone
Betamethasone

Question 14

Glucocorticoid anatagonist includes

Answer 14

Aminoglutethimide
Ketoconazole
Metyrapone
Trilostane
Abiraterone

Question 15

Contraindications of using glucocorticoid drugs include

Answer 15

Cases of
A)Peptic ulcer due to immunosuppression to helicobacter pylori
B) osteoporosis
C) hypertension
D) infective illnesses eg tuberculorsis

Question 16

Difference between Cushing syndrome and Cushing disease

Answer 16

Cushing syndrome is excess cortisol in the body due to various reason

Cushing disease is pituitary adenoma resulting in excess secretion of ACTH which leads to high cortisol in the body

Question 17

Percentage of active cortisol in the body is

Answer 17

10% free cortisol in the blood

The 90% are bound to CBG ( Corticotropin binding globulin )

Question 18

Adverse effects of glucocorticoid

Answer 18

Cataract
Peptic ulcer
Children growth retardation
Cushing syndrome
Osteoporosis
Thinning of the skin ( easy bleeding)
Diabetics mellistus(type 2)

Question 19

Metyrapone MOA IS

Answer 19

A glucocorticoids antagonist drug that blocks 11B hyroxylase activity thus inhibiting steroid formation

Question 20

Aminoglutethamide MOA is

Answer 20

It is a glucocorticoid anatagonist that blocks the conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone ( the first step in cortisol synthesis)

Question 21

An antagonist of aldersterone which inhibits sodium retention is

Answer 21

Spironolactone

Question 22

The most world widely used mineralocorticoid drug is

Answer 22

Fludrocortisone

Question 23

Antagonist of adrenal hormone includes ( states each of their MOA)

Answer 23

1)Ketoconazole ( non selective inhibitors of all adrenal hormone )

2)aminoglutethimide: blocks conver. Of cholesterol to pregnesolone in cortisol synthesis

3) mitotane: destroys adrenocrotical cells

4) cyproheptadine

5)spironolactone

6)Metyrapone

Question 24

Mitotane is a drug that does

Answer 24

An antagonist to adrenal hormone by destroying adrenocortical cells

Question 25

Function of aldersterone

Answer 25

Increase na and water absorption and decrease k and H+ absorption

Question 26

Fludrocortisone is a drug ——— for

Answer 26

Minelarocorticoid