antartica

Question 1

NGO characteristics

Answer 1

free from government control
discourages political, military or religious viewpoints.
non profit entity

Question 2

IGO characteristics

Answer 2

receive capital aid from members
gather examine and distribute in of to state members
can impose limits on policies.

Question 3

how is Antartica governed?

Answer 3

the ATS was implemented by ATCM.
part of ATS include environmental protocol, CCAMLAR and SCAR (threats from science.)

Question 4

what’s ATCM?

Answer 4

IGO that runs ATS

Question 5

ATS key point

Answer 5

-no military use
-complete freedom of scientific investigation

ATCM-
- all teritorial claims are put aside for duration of treaty.
-nuclear testing banned.

Question 6

environmental protocol

Answer 6

1991
-created in response to pressure to exploit mineral resources.
-natural reserve
-mining and gas exploitation.
-no removal of flora
-protected areas
-all finds of waste returned got country of origin
-reduce marine pollution.

Question 7

success of ATS?

Answer 7

yes- natural reserve
no issues over nuclear weapons
80%world agrees

no-focus on land based activities, fewer ship inspections.
harvesting of krill needs regulating
only member counteries have a vote

Question 8

UN and UNEP and agreements under place through this

Answer 8

IGO
Vienna convention - ozone layer protection
montreal protocol- reduction of substances that depeleat ozone layer
CCAMLR- commission of conservation of marine living resources rules and regulation.

Question 9

CCAMLR

Answer 9

-goal is to preserve marine life and environmental integrity in Antartica.
-established due to overfishing of krill in the southern ocean.
-focuses in sustainable fishing by monitoring the impacts of fishing on the whole ecosystem.
- establish protective species
-set precautionary catch