Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > ANS pharmacology 1 > Flashcards

ANS pharmacology 1 Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nerves innervate

A

smooth muscle cells, cardiac tissue, exocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

somatic nerves innervate

A

skeletal muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

connection between CNS and organ in autonomic

A

pre and pos ganglionic neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

connection between CNS and organ in somatic

A

single motor neurone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

primary role of autonomic nerves

A

homeostasis
cardiac output
digestion
blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

primary role of somatic nerves

A

voluntary control
locomotion
posture
respiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

parasympathetic nervous system nerve type

A

○ Cholinergic nerves

§ Synthesize store and release acetyl choline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pre ganglionic receptors in parasympathetic

A

○ Ach released from pre ganglionic nerve activates nicotinic cholinoceptors on the cell surface of post ganglionic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

post ganglionic receptors in parasympathetic

A

○ Ach released from post ganglionic nerves activates muscarinic cholinoceptors on surface of effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

parasympathetic nerves exist spinal cord at

A

○ From cranial/sacral nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

sympathetic nerves exist spinal cord at

A

thoracic or lumbar nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

sympathetic pre gangliomic nerve

A
  • Pre ganglionic nerve is cholinergic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

sympathetic post ganglionic nerve

A
  • post ganglionic is adrenergic

○ Uses noradrenaline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

varicosities

A

(swellings in nerves

○ Contain vesicles of neurotransmitter, which are released by nerve AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • Adrenergic nerves
A

○ Synthesize store and release NA

○ Most sympathetic post ganglionic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • Cholinergic nerves
A

○ Synthesize store and release Ach
○ All parasympathetic post ganglionic nerves
○ Several sympathetic post ganglionic nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acetyl choline works on

A

choliceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

2 types of cholinoceptors

A

nicotinic and muscarinic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 muscarinic types

A

M1. M2, M3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

M2 cholinoceptors

A

decrease heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

M3 cholinoceptor

A

contract smooth muscle and secrete glands

22
Q

2 types adrenoceptors

A

Alpha beta

a1, a2, B1, B2, B3

23
Q

4 adrenoceptor agonists

A

adrenaline and noradrenaline and phenylephrine and salbutamol

24
Q

adrenaline

A

§ Stimulates all adrenoceptor subtypes
§ Inactive orally due to extensive metabolism in the GIT and liver
□ Typically given by injection

25
Q

a1 adrenoceptors

A

contract vascular smooth muscle

26
Q

b1 adrenoceptors

A

increase heart rate and force of contractility

27
Q

b2 adrenoceptors

A

relax smooth muscle

28
Q

adrenaline as local injection

A

□ High affinity for B2 and lower affinity for a1
low doses binds B2 for vasodilation
high dose binds a1 for vasoconstriction

29
Q

adrenaline as slow intravenous

A

◊ Delivers constant levels of adrenaline over time
◊ Increases heart rate
} Stimulates B1 receptors in the heart

30
Q

adrenaline in intravenous infusion effect on blood pressure

A

} Increase systolic blood pressure
– Stimulates B1 and increases force of contraction of cardiac muscle
} Decrease in diastolic blood pressure
– Because TPR decreases

31
Q

adrenaline in intravenous infusion effect on total peripheral resistance

A

} A1 mediated vasocontraction
} B2 mediated vasodilator effect
– Predominantly in vascular beds of skeletal muscle
– Overrides A1 mediated vasoconstriction in other vascular beds
} Net effect is for TPR to decrease

32
Q

slow bolus adrenaline

A

□ Initially high levels which decrease as Adr is metabolised

33
Q

slow bolus adrenaline affect on total peripheral resistance

A

® At high doses
◊ Primarily a1 receptor mediated vasoconstriction
◊ Causes increase is diastolic blood pressure

34
Q

slow bolus adrenaline affect on systolic blood pressure

A

® Activated B1 adrenoceptors to increase force of contractility
® Increase in mean arterial blood pressure

35
Q

slow bolus adrenaline affect on heart rate

A

® Vagus nerve mediates decrease in heart rate as a reflex response to increase in blood pressure

36
Q

slow bolus adrenaline as concentration decreases

A

® Vasodilation effect, decrease in total peripheral resistance, increase in heart rate (direct effect of adrenaline)

37
Q

3 clinical uses of adrenaline

A

added to local anaesthetic to prolong the action
restores cardiac rhymthm in cardiac arrest
used in cute anaphylactic shock

38
Q
  • Noradrenaline
A

○ Also inactive orally due to metabolism in the Git and liver
○ Stimulates all AR subtypes except B2
○ Does not cause vasodilation

39
Q

noradrenaline on heart rate

A

□ Direct effects of noradrenaline are overridden by vagal cardiac reflexed activated by increase in mean arterial blood pressure

40
Q

noradrenaline effect on blood pressure

A

□ Increase in diastolic blood pressure
□ Increase in systolic blood pressure
® Response to activation of B1 force of contractility

41
Q

noradrenaline effect on total peripheral resistance

A

Increases due to activation of a1 vasoconstriction in all major vascular beds

42
Q

2 selective adrenoceptor agonsists

A

phenylephrine and salbutamol
- Are not extensively metabolised in the gut and the liver
○ Are active orally

43
Q
  • Phenylephrine
A

○ Activates a1 on vascular smooth muscle

○ Causes vasoconstriction

44
Q

phenylephrine used for

A

○ Used clinically for relief of nasal congestion associated with acute and chronic rhinitis
§ Sudafed PE
`

45
Q
  • Salbutamol
A

○ Activates B2 on smooth muscle of airways, uterus and blood vessels
○ Primary effect is to cause relaxation of smooth muscle

46
Q

salbutamol used clinically for

A

○ Used clinically to relieve bronchoconstriction in asthma

47
Q

salbutamol given as

A

○ Typically given topically (as aerosol) directly to site of action (airways) rather than orally because
§ A more rapid bronchodilator response is achieved
§ A lower overall dose can be given (less side effects)

48
Q

antagonism of which receptors is clinically useful

A

○ A1 - antagonism for hypertension

○ B1 - antagonism in many CV diseases

49
Q
  • Prazosin
A

○ Selectively binds and inhibits a1 adrenoceptors

antagonist

50
Q

prazosin used for

A

○ Used clinically as antihypertensive agent

§ Not first line treatment in hypertension

51
Q

when to take prazosin

A

○ May cause dizziness on standing, especially with initial use in the elderly
Taken before bed

52
Q

tamulosin

A

§ Tamsulosin used for symptom relief in benign prostatic hypertrophy
§ Relaxes prostatic smooth muscle to improve blood flow
§ Tamsulosin has specific action against a subtype of a1 adrenoceptors

Pharmacology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions