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Block 3 Up To Quiz 1 > ANS part 2 > Flashcards

ANS part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

length efferent fibers parasympathetic vs sympathetic

A

paraysympathetic preganglionic long post ganglionic short sympathetic preganglionc short post ganglionic long

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2
Q

types of innervation parasympathetic vs sympathetic

A

parasympathetic- discrete symapthetic- diffuse

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3
Q

neurotransmitters parasympathetic vs sympathetic

A

parasympathetic ganglia- acetycholine neuroeffector junctions- acetylcholine sympathetic ganglia- acetycholine neuroeffector junctions- norepinephrine (except sweat glands, vasodilators in skeletal muscle and adrenal medulla)

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4
Q

receptors parasympathetic vs sympathetic

A

parasympathetic ganglia- nicotinic cholinergic neuroeffector junecionts- muscarinic cholinergic sympathetic ganglia- nicotina cholinergic neuroeffector junctions- adrenergic

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5
Q

effector organ responess

A
  • response post ganglionic release transmitter can be excitatory or inhibitory; response is tissue specific - in most organ systems both divisions (symp and parasympathetic) exert tonic action holding effectors in state of intermediate activity
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6
Q

post junctional excitation

A
  • leads to increased force and/or frequency of muscle contraction, increase secretion in glands
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7
Q

examples post junctional excitation

A
  • sympathetic adrenergic innervation -> contraction vascular smooth muscle - parasympathetic cholinergic receptors stimulation contraction GI smooth muscle
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8
Q

post junctional inhibition

A
  • post junctional inhibition, decreasing contraction, secretion ect.
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9
Q

examples post junctional inhibition

A
  • parasympathetic cholinergic innervation -> decreased freqnecy of contraction of cardiac muscles - sympathetic adrenergic innervation -> relaxation GI smooth muscle
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10
Q

parasympathetic nervous system effects

A
  • discrete and selective - important for vegetative functions and maintenance of status quo, acts to conserve and restore energy; rest and digest - its innervation to some organs is essential for life
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11
Q

parasympathetic nervous system dual innervation predominant tone

A

parasympathetic

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12
Q

parasympathetic nervous system examples of responses

A
  • decrease heart rate - decrease blood pressure - increase GI motility and secretions - increase absorption or nutrients - increase excretory functions - increase salivary section - constriction of bronchioles - miosis
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13
Q

sympathetic nervous system effects

A
  • generally diffuse and nonselective system usually discharges as unit (some selectivity in organs like heart and blood vessels) - important for survival during stress (flight or flight)
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14
Q

body survival without SNS?

A
  • body can survive w/o SNS but some protective functions will be lost
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15
Q

examples of responses from SNS

A
  • increase heart rate - increase blood pressure - increase blood flow to skeletal muscle - decrease blood flow to skin and splanchnic bed - increase blood glucose - dilation of bronchioles - mydriasis
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16
Q

interactions between parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

A
  • most organs have dual innervation - opposing effects - complementary effects - no interaction
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17
Q

what organ does NOT have dual innervation for parasympathetic and sympathetic NS

A

blood vessels which only receive sympathetic innervation

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18
Q

opposing effects interaction between paraysympathetic and sympathetic systems

A
  • most common balanced antagonism (ex heart and bladder) - most system may heavily predominate (ex. in GI tract parasympathetic)
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19
Q

complementary effects interaction between parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

A
  • ex. in salivary gland PNS stimualtes watery secretion and SNS stimulates viscous secretion - ex. in male genitalia PNS mediates errection SNS mediates ejaculation (point and shoot)
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20
Q

no interaction interaction between parasympathetic and sympathetic systems

A
  • organ innervated selectively by one system (ex blood vessels)
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21
Q

Sites for drug action in ANS

A
  • cerebral cortex (high CNS centers) - lower brain centers and medullary centers - autonomic afferents - autonomic eferents - effector organ
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22
Q

autonomic efferents drug action site ANS

A

-autonomic ganglia- not selectivity for symp or parasympathetic ganglia but more symp post gang gibers than parasympathetic fibers so predominant response to stimulation at ganglia = sympathetic - neuroeffector junction

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23
Q

effector organ drug action site ANS

A
  • ANS not directly involved - interference with effector function (ex. cardiac glycosides, calcium channel antagonists)
24
Q

Major considerations in predicting drug action

A
  • pharmacokinetics of drug - mechanism of action of drug - type of receptor/ response altered - effect of stimulation or inhibition of particular receptor on organ - regulation of “normal tone” of organ - Reflex compensation
25
Q

drug actions at synapse and neuroeffector junction

A
  • agonists or mimetic drugs - antagonists or lytic drugs
26
Q

agonists or mimetic drugs

A
  • directly acting - indirectly acting
27
Q

directly aging

A

effect mediated by direct activation of receptor

28
Q

indirectly acting

A
  • effect mediated through increased concentration transmitter at receptors by inducing release transmitter from terminal or inhibiting inactivation of transmitter
29
Q

inhibiting inactivation of transmitter

A

can be by inhibiting reuptake or of inactivating enzymes

30
Q

indirectly acting effect can reflect

A

binding to an allosteric site on receptor which potentiates transmitter action

31
Q

antagonists or lytic drugs

A
  • competitive antagonists - non-completive/ allosteric antagonists - antagonist at nerve terminal
32
Q

competitive antagonists

A
  • drugs block receptor activation by occupying agonist binding site preventing transmitter or mimetic drug from interacting with receptor
33
Q

noncompetitive/ allosteric antagonists

A
  • drugs block receptor activation by binding to site separate from agonist binding site therefore preventing transmitter or mimetic drug from interacting with or activating the receptor
34
Q

antagonist at nerve terminal

A

effect mediated through reduced concentration of transmitter at receptor which can be via - inhibition of synthesis of transmitter (by inhibition of uptake of substrate, by interference with synthetic steps, by causing synthesis of “false transmitter” - depletion of transmitter - inhibition of release of transmitter

35
Q

Heart will beat w/o

A

autonomic innervation

36
Q

blood vessels and heart are exception to

A

they are regulated by sympathetic system and this is exception to fight/ flight bc while this is fight/ flight its tight/ discrete regulation

37
Q

ANS basically

A

who = peripheral affects everyone

38
Q

skeletal muscle primarily effected by

A

hormone epinephrine these= entities to diff organ systems with diff drugs

39
Q

tone

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic = both firing at same level all the time

40
Q

acetylcholine with ligand gated ion channel opposing it what happens if block these

A

loose all parasympathetic and sympathetic tone and die

41
Q

neuroeffector junction follows pattern of

A

somatic innervation to muscle; innervation by efferents lands on organ system (must. contacts between nerve and innervated organ)

42
Q

some cholinergic neuroeffector junctions but generally

A

norepinephrine NT for symp division

43
Q

nicotinic

A

nerve to nerve open and depolarize post ganglionic cell and skeletal muscle = not related to muscarinic Its at neuromuscular junctions but both use acetylcholine

44
Q

muscarinic

A

GPCRs at NEJs

45
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

norepinephrine NT

46
Q

AP ->

A

Ca2+ flow in -> fusion -> NT release b/c vesicle fusion

47
Q

inactivation of transimitter by reuptake or metabolic alteration

A
  • adrenergic= reuptake
48
Q

neg feedback controls

A

how much transmitter release

49
Q

horse

A
  • adrenergic not cholinergic sweater
50
Q

adrenal medulla is

A

ganglia

51
Q

norepinephrine can be

A

excitatory or inhibitory depends on organ

52
Q

vagal tone driven by what system

A

parasympathetic on heart; increase heart rate if decrease w/ drug HR lead to increase (atropine)

53
Q

heart / blood vessels =

A

regulated minute to minute

54
Q

balanced antagonism

A

parasympathetic and sympathetic 1 turns it up 1 turns it down

55
Q

sympathetic and parasympathetic generally

A

oppose each other

Block 3 Up To Quiz 1 (24 decks)

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