ANS

Question 1

a-1 agonist effects

Answer 1

increases vascular smooth muscle contraction (vasoconstriction), mydriasis increases intestinal and bladder sphincter muscle contraction, glucose metabolism

Question 2

a-2 agonist effects

Answer 2

decreases sympathetic tone, inhibits glucose metabolism and insulin release, lipolysis
inhibits the release of NE
­increases platelet aggregation, aqueous humor

Question 3

b-1 agonist effects

Answer 3

increases HR,­ contractility, ­dromotropy, EF%
renin release
increases hunger r/t ghrelin release in stomach

Question 4

b-2 agonist effects

Answer 4

vasodilation, bronchodilation
Increases: lipolysis, ­renin release
inhibits insulin release and stimulates gluconeogenesis and glucolysis
Decreases: uterine tone, relaxes ciliary muscle

Question 5

DA-1 agonist effects

Answer 5

renal, cerebral, coronary and splanchnic arteries vasodilation

Question 6

DA-2 agonist effects

Answer 6

modulates neurotransmitter release

Question 7

Primary autonomic muscarinic receptor locations

Answer 7

M1 - postganglionic neurons of autonomic ganglia
M2- Heart, smooth muscle
M3 - glands, sweat, salvation, smooth muscle, endothelium

Question 8

Primary autonomic nicotinic receptor locations

Answer 8

N1/Nm - skeletal muscles/NMJ

N2/Nn - postganglionic neurons

Question 9

Two esterases that hydrolyze Ach?

Answer 9

Acetylcholinesterase

Plasma cholinesterase

Question 10

Where are adrenergic receptors found presynaptically?

Answer 10

a-2 and DA-2

autoregulation that provides negative feedback

Question 11

Where are adrenergic receptors found postsynaptically?

Answer 11

on target tissues/end organs

• cardiac muscle
• smooth muscle
• gland cells
• renal vasculature

Question 12

3 naturally occurring catecholamines

Answer 12

norepi
epi
dopamine

Question 13

catecholamine enzyme metabolism

Answer 13

COMT and MAO

Question 14

Non-selective Catecholamines

Answer 14

Epi, Norepi, Dopa

Question 15

Examples of direct agonists & receptor-selective Catecholamines

Answer 15

Phenylephrine (a-1)
clonidine (a-2)
dobutamine (b-1)
albuterol (b-2)

Question 16

Indirect acting agonists

Answer 16

cocaine, amphetamine

Question 17

Mixed Indirect/Direct agonist

Answer 17

ephedrine

Question 18

a-1 agonists examples

Answer 18

phenylephrine

methoxamine

Question 19

a-2 agonist examples

Answer 19

clonidine
alpha-methyl-dopa
dex

Question 20

Mixed alpha/beta agonists examples

Answer 20

norepi

epi

Question 21

b-1 selective agonist example

Answer 21

dobutamine

Question 22

nonselective b-(1&2) agonist example

Answer 22

isoproterenol

Question 23

b-2 selective agonists examples

Answer 23

albuterol, terbutaline, metaproterenol

Question 24

a-1 selective antagonist examples

Answer 24

prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin, tamsulosin

Question 25

non-selective alpha antagonists

Answer 25

inhibitory, sympatholytics phentolamine (competitive) phenoxybenzamine (non-competative/irreversible)

Question 26

sympathomimetics are (agonists/antagonists)

Answer 26

agonists

Question 27

sympatholytics are (agonists/antagonists)

Answer 27

antagonists | "blockers"

Question 28

Mixed adrenergic (alpha/beta) antagonist

Answer 28

labetalol

Question 29

Nonselective beta antagonists

Answer 29

propranolol, pindolol, timolol

Question 30

B-1 selective antagonists

Answer 30

``` BEAM (cardiac selective) betaxolol esmolol atenolol metoprolol ```

Question 31

Use ____ with caution in pts with asthma

Answer 31

B-2 blockers

Question 32

Use ___ with caution in patients with cardiac insufficiency

Answer 32

beta-blockers - can decrease HR, contractility, and reduce CO

Question 33

pheochromocytoma

Answer 33

adrenal gland tumor causes the release of catecholamines use non-selective alpha-blockers - phenoxybenzamine - phentolamine

Question 34

Norepi infusion rate

Answer 34

0.01-3 mcg/kg/min | 1-20 mcg/min

Question 35

Epi infusion rate

Answer 35

0.02-2 mcg/kg/min | 1-20 mcg/min

Question 36

Dopamine infusion rate

Answer 36

5-10 mcg/kg/min

Question 37

Dobutamine infusion rate

Answer 37

.5-20 mcg/kg/min

Question 38

Isoproterenol infusion rate

Answer 38

0. 5-5 mcg/min | uses: heart blocks, transplants

Question 39

phenylephrine dosing

Answer 39

bolus: 50-100 mcg pushes q1-2 min for hypotension infusion: 10-200 mcg/min

Question 40

esmolol dosing

Answer 40

bolus: 0.5-1mg/kg over 30 seconds infusion: 50-300 mcg/kg/min

Question 41

labetalol dosing

Answer 41

5-80 mg IV

Question 42

a1 receptors: autonomic review

Answer 42

- postsynaptic | - Gq protein coupled, activates phospholipase C, PIP2 --> IP3 + Dag

Question 43

a2 receptors: autonomic review

Answer 43

- presynaptic | - Gi protein coupled, inhibits Adenyl cyclase, ATP --> X --> cAMP

Question 44

b1 & b2 receptors: autonomic review

Answer 44

- postsynaptic | - Gs protein coupled, activates adenyl cyclase, ATP --> cAMP

Question 45

Factors that affect Blood pressure

Answer 45

CO (HR x SV) | Total peripheral resistance

Question 46

Factors that affect HR + Contractility

Answer 46

increased by: SNS activity, B1 + Epi | decreased by: PSNS

Question 47

Factors that affect stroke volume

Answer 47

``` contractility venous return (preload) ```

Question 48

factors that affect venous return

Answer 48

blood volume is increased by: aldosterone, ADH, SNS blood volume is decreased by: ANP venous tone is increased by: SNS activity + Epi

Question 49

factors that affect total peripheral resistance

Answer 49

circulating factors innervation viscosity of blood local regulators

Question 50

circulating factors that affect total peripheral resistance

Answer 50

increased by: ang-II, Epi, NE, ADH

Question 51

innervation that affects total peripheral resistance

Answer 51

increased by: A1 receptors + NE | decreased by B2 receptors + Epi

Question 52

local regulators that affect total peripheral resistance

Answer 52

increased by: endothelin, O2 | decreased by: NO, H+, adenosine, PG, Bradykinin