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ANS Flashcards

0
Q

SANS

A

Thoracolumbar

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1
Q

Branches of ANS

A

SANS
PSANS
ENS

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2
Q

PSANS

A

Craniosacral

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3
Q

Sympa effect on blood vessels of skeletal muscles

A

Vasodilation (suntok!)

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4
Q

Sympa effect on penis

A

Ejaculation

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5
Q

Alpha 1 are found where

A

Pupils, peripheral bv (nasal mucosa, gi, splanchnic, skin), urinary bladder

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6
Q

Alpha 1 is paired with what metabotrope

A

Gq

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7
Q

Alpha 2 is paired with what G

A

Gi (presynaptic)

Gq (postsynaptic)

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8
Q

M2 are found where

A

Heart

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9
Q

M3 are found where

A

All over the body

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10
Q

Nicotinic ganglionic receptors are found where

A

CNS

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11
Q

Nicotinic muscular are found where

A

Skeletal muscles

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12
Q

Beta 1 are found

A

Heart

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13
Q

Beta 2 are found

A

Bronchioles

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14
Q

Beta 3 are found

A

Adipose

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15
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Direct acting cholinergic agonist, Nonselective choline ester, with shortest duration

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16
Q

Choline ester with shortest DOA

A

Acetylcholine (easily degraded by acetylcholinesterase)

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17
Q

M selective choline esters

A

Betanechol

Metacholine

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18
Q

Betanechol

A

Most m selective choline ester; direct cholinergic agonist

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19
Q

Nonselective choline esters

A

Acetylcholine

Carbachol

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20
Q

Choline esters not affected by acetylcholinesterases

A

Betanechol
Metacholine
Carbachol

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21
Q

Acetylcholine, Betanechol, Metacholine, Carbachol
Nicotine, Lobeline, Muscarine, Pilocarpine
are what?

A

Direct cholinergic agonists

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22
Q

Alkaloid direct cholinergic agonists

A

Nicotine
Lobeline
Muscarine
Pilocarpine

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23
Q

More n selective direct acting cholinergic agonists

A

Nicotine

Lobeline

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24
Q

Lobeline comes from?

A

Lobelia inflata (Indian tobacco)

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25
Q

Most commonly used alkaloid direct cholinergic agonist

A

Pilocarpine

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26
Q

How do indirect cholinergic agonists work?

A

Inhibits acetylcholinesterase

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27
Q

Indirect cholinergic agonists

A

E - edrophonium
C - carbamates
O - organophosphates

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28
Q

Indirect cholinergic agonists with longest DOA

A

Organophosphates

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29
Q

Used for Dx of Myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium

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30
Q

Used for Myasthenia gravis

A

Carbamates

Organophosphates

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31
Q

Carbamates

A

Physostigmine
Pyridostigmine
Neostigmine
Carbaryl

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32
Q

Physostigmine comes from?

A

Physostigma venenosum (calabar bean)

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33
Q

Irreversible indirect cholinergic agonists

A

Organophosphates

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34
Q

Indirect cholinergic agonists with electrostatic bonds

A

Edrophonium

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35
Q

Organophosphates

A

Echothiopate
Malathion
Parathion
Soman

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36
Q

Only organophosphate used pharmaceutically

A

Echothiopate

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37
Q

Malathion and parathion are used as what?

A

Insecticides

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38
Q

Pilocarpine category and use

A

Direct cholinergic agonist

Glaucoma

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39
Q

Physostigmine

A

Carbamate, indirect cholinergic agonists

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40
Q

Neostigmine

A

Carbamates, indirect cholinergic agonist

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41
Q

Carbaryl

A

Carbamates, indirect cholinergic agonist

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42
Q

Betanechol and Neostigmine are mainly used for?

A

Ileus

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43
Q

-TROP

A

Cholinergic antagonists

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44
Q

Prototype cholinergic antagonist

A

Atropine

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45
Q

Longest acting cholinergic antagonist

A

Atropine

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46
Q

Highest CNS penetration cholinergic antagonist

A

Scopolamine (with sedation)

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47
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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48
Q

Tropicamide

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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49
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist

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50
Q

Tiotropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist

51
Q

Scopolamine is also known as?

52
Q

Atropine is also known as?

A

Hyoscyamine

53
Q

M3 selective antagonists (spares the heart)

A

Solifenacin
Darifenacin
Oxybutynin

54
Q

Solifenacin

A

M3 antagonist

55
Q

Darifenacin

A

M3 antagonist

56
Q

Oxybutynin

A

M3 antagonist

57
Q

Trimetaphan

A

Ng antagonist for HTN emergency

58
Q

Mecamylamine

A

Ng antagonist for nicotine cessation

59
Q

Ng antagonist for HTN emergency

A

Trimetaphan

60
Q

Ng antagonist for nicotine cessation

A

Mecamylamine

61
Q

Ng antagonists

A

Trimetaphan
Mecamylamine
Hexamethonium
Triethylammonium

62
Q

-CUR

A

Neuromuscular blockers

63
Q

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

A

Succinylcholine

64
Q

Nondepolarizing Nm blockers

A

-CUR (curare derivatives)

65
Q

Curare was once used anciently as?

A

Arrow poison

66
Q

Nm blocker that has active metabolite that can cross BBB

A

Atracurium -> Laudanosine

67
Q

Succinylcholine + Gen. Anesthetic

A

Malignant Hyperthermia ( Hyperthermia and Paralysis)

68
Q

Treatment of Malignant Hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene (skel. muscle relaxant)

69
Q

Non-selective adrenergic agonists

A

Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Isoproterenol

70
Q

Epinephrine

A

Non-selective adrenergic agonist

71
Q

Epinephrine uses

A

Asystole
Anaphylactic shock
Local anes adjunct (inc. DOA by vasoconstriction)

72
Q

Isoproterenol main use

73
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Non-selective adrenergic agonist (more on beta receptors)

74
Q

Alpha 1 selective agonists

A

Phenylephrine

Midodrine

75
Q

Alpha 1 receptors are found where?

A

Pupils
Peripheral blood vessels (nose, GI, skin, splanchnic)
Urinary bladder

76
Q

Main use of phenylephrine

A

Nasal decongestant

77
Q

Main use of midodrine

A

Tx of orthostatic hypotension

78
Q

Alpha 2 selective agonists

A

Clonidine
Methyldopa
Guanfacine
Guanabenz

79
Q

Methyldopa

A

Alpha 2 selective agonist

80
Q

Clonidine

A

Alpha 2 selective agonist

81
Q

Clonidine use

A

Hypertension emergency (not for mgt.)

82
Q

Methyldopa use

A

Tx of pregnancy htn

83
Q

Drugs for htn of pregnant women

A

Hydralazine

Methyldopa

84
Q

ADR of clonidine and methyldopa

A

Sedation, drowsiness (because they can cross BBB)

85
Q

Alpha selective agonists

A

Oxymetazoline

Xylometazoline

86
Q

Beta 1 selective agonists

A

Dobutamine

Prenalterol

87
Q

Beta 1 acts on?

88
Q

Only -terol beta 1 agonist

A

Prenalterol

89
Q

Dobutamine

A

Beta 1 agonists

90
Q

Prenalterol

A

Only -terol beta 1 agonist

91
Q

-TEROL

A

Beta 2 agonists except Prenalterol

92
Q

Beta 2 acts on?

A

Bronchioles

93
Q

Beta 2 agonist indication

A

Asthma and COPD

94
Q

SABA

A

Albuterol (Salbutamol)

Terbutaline

95
Q

LABA

A

Formoterol

Salmeterol

96
Q

ADR of beta 2 agonists

A

Tremors

Palpitations

97
Q

Used for cardiogenic shock

A

Dobutamine

Prenalterol

98
Q

Adrenergic antagonists causes?

A

Para response

99
Q

Alpha nonselective antagonists

A

Phenoxybenzamine

Phentolamine

100
Q

Irreversible alpha nonselective antagonist

A

Phenoxybenzamine

101
Q

PHEPHEPHE means?

A

Phenoxybenzamine and Phentolamine are for Pheochromocytoma

102
Q

What is pheochromocytoma?

A

Tumor in adrenal gland than increases NE releases = BP fluctuations

103
Q

Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha nonselective antagonist

104
Q

Phentolamine

A

Alpha nonselective antagonist

105
Q

ADR of alpha blockers

A

Hypotension, Reflex tachycardia

106
Q

Alpha 1 blockers

A

Prazocin
Terazocin
Doxazocin

107
Q

-AZOCIN

A

Alpha 1 blockers

108
Q

Alpha 1 blocker with shortest DOA

109
Q

Alpha 1 blocker with longest DOA

110
Q

Alpha 1 blockers are mainly used for?

A

Hypertension

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

111
Q

Mixed alpha and beta blockers

A

Carvedilol

Labetalol

112
Q

Beta nonselective blockers

A

NSTP (except nebivolol)

113
Q

Most beta 1 selective blocker

114
Q

Beta 1 blockers

115
Q

Beta blocker with shortest DOA

116
Q

Beta blocker with longest DOA

117
Q

Give me an ACE PINpoint PEN, I’ll do CARTwheels for you. This refers to?

A

Beta blockers with intrinsic sympa effect, thus less bradycardia

118
Q

ADR of beta blockers

A

Bradycardia

119
Q

Beta nonselective blockers are Cx in?

A

Asthmatic px

Px with Depression (some can cross BBB)

120
Q

Beta blockers uses

A 
Arrhythmia (class 2)
HTN
Cardiac failure
Glaucoma
Hyperthyroidism adjunct
Stage freight
121
Q

Beta blockers are antiarrhymthmics belonging to what class?

122
Q

Indirect adrenergic antagonists

A

Reserpine

Guanethedine

123
Q

What indirect antagonist replaces NE in exocytosis?

A

Guanethidine

124
Q

Pharmacological sympathectomy agent

A

Guanethedine

125
Q

Reserpine comes from?

A

Rauwolfia serpentina

126
Q

Amino acid involved in synthesis of NE

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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