Another Quiz 113 Edition Flashcards
is the removal of an orbital electron
from an atom which causes the atom
to become charged, turning it into an
ion.
Ionization
It is called the center-seeking force. The force that keeps an electron in orbit.
CENTRIPETAL FORCE
It is called the flying-out-from-the-center force. The force that
causes an electron to travel straight and leave the atom.
CENTRIFUGAL FORCE
The strength of the attachment of an electron to the nucleus. Symbol is???
Electron binding energy, Eb
???
Number of Protons
Symbol:???
????
Number of protons plus number of neutrons
Symbol:???
Atomic number
Z
Atomic mass number
A
The group of atoms of various elements. The smallest unit of a compound.
Molecules
Any quantity of one type of molecule
Chemical Compound
The chemical union between atoms formed by sharing one or more pairs of
electrons.
Covalent bond
The bonding that occurs because of an electrostatic force between ions
Ionic bond
The process by which the nucleus spontaneously emits
particles & energy & transforms itself into another atom to
reach stability.
Radioactive decay/disintegration
Radioactive atoms that have the same number of protons
Radioisotopes
Two primary sources of naturally occurring radioisotopes
Uranium (U 92)
Carbon 14
is a type of radiation that has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, thus ionizing them.
Ionizing radiation
TYPES OF IONIZING RADIATION
PARTICULATE RADIATION
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION
Five Physical Characteristics
MASS
ENERGY
VELOCITY
CHARGE
ORIGIN
It has finite range in matter
Examples: alpha & beta Particles
Particulate Radiation
Equivalent to a helium nucleus
It contains 2 protons & 2 neutrons
Alpha particle
Mass
Energy
Velocity/Range
Ionization rate
Charge
Origin
of Alpha Particle
4 amu
4-7 MeV
1-10 cm air, <0.1 mm soft tissue
40,000 atoms/cm
+2
Nucleus of heavy radioactive nuclei
Mass
Energy
Velocity/Range
Ionization rate
Charge
Origin
Beta Particle
0 amu
0-7 MeV
10-100 cm (air), 1-2 cm soft tissue
several hundred of atoms/cm
-1 or +1
nucleus of radioactive nuclei
Mass
Energy
Velocity/Range
Ionization rate
Charge
Origin
X rays
0
0-25 MeV
0-100m air, 0-30cm soft tissue
100 ip/cm
0
Electron cloud
Mass
Energy
Velocity/Range
Ionization rate
Charge
Origin
Gamma rays
0
0-5 MeV
0-100m air, 0-30cm soft tissue
100 ip/cm
0
Nucleus of radioactive nuclei
Number of neutrons exceeds the protons
Have both odd Z and N
There is no stable nuclide with???
2 answers
A=5 or A = 8, stable nuclides
The ratio N/Z increases gradually with A because of the increasing influence
of the electrical repulsion of the protons.
just understand it
refers to types of electromagnetic radiation that do not carry enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, meaning they cannot
remove tightly bound electrons. Instead, —— primarily causes atoms to vibrate or heat up
non-ionizing radiation
A type of radiation used in U.T.Z. & MRI
Radio Waves
Microwaves
Infrared Radiation
Visible Light
UV light
