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SYSTEMATICS > ANNELIDA > Flashcards

ANNELIDA Flashcards

1
Q

*Bilateral symmetry
*Body metamerically segmented
Chitinous setae (bristles) often present on parapodia
* Digestive system complete
* Respiratory gas exchange through skin, gills or parapodia
*Closed circulatory system
* Excretory system typically a pair of nephridia for each segment

A

ANNELIDA

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2
Q

exhibiting segmentation
allowed much greater complexity in structure and function

A

metamerism

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3
Q

*Coelom well developed and divided by septa
(except in leeches); coelomic fluid functions as
hydrostatic skeleton

A

ANNELIDA

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4
Q

develops embryonically as a split in the mesoderm on each side of the gut (schizocoelomate)

A

Coelom

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5
Q
  • Body wall with outer circular and inner longitudinal muscle layers
  • Transparent moist cuticle secreted by epithelium
  • Hermaphroditic or separate sexes
A

ANNELIDA

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6
Q

Body segments marked by circular grooves called

A

annuli

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7
Q

Found in arthropods, probably homologous with annelids, and in vertebrates, where it evolved independently

A

Metamerism

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8
Q

Tiny chitinous bristles called
⚬ Absent in leeches

A

Setae

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9
Q

Prevent it from slipping backward

A

Short setae

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10
Q

help aquatic worms swim

A

Long setae

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11
Q

type of setae that anchor segments in earthworms

A

⚬ Short setae

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12
Q

Head is composed of

A

￭ Prostomium
￭ Perstonium

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13
Q

Terminal portion bearing the anus is the

A

pygidium

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14
Q

are not considered metameres

A

Head and pygidium

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15
Q

Coelom of annelida is composed of Gut and longitudinal blood vessels extending through the septa

A
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16
Q

lines body wall and forms dorsal and ventral mesenteries

A

Peritoneum (mesodermal epithelium)

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17
Q

Peritonea of adjacent segments meet to form
the

A

septa

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18
Q

coelom is filled with fluid and serves as a hydrostatic skeleton

A

Hydrostatic Skeleton

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19
Q

leeche dont have coelom is filled with fluid

A

true

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20
Q

Fluid volume needs to

A

remains constant

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21
Q

Causes body to shorten and expand

A

Contraction of longitudinal muscles

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22
Q

Causes body to narrow and lengthen

A

Contraction of circular muscles

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23
Q

Phylum Annelida3 classes

A

⚬ Class Polychaeta
⚬ Class Oligochaeta
⚬ Class Hirudinida

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24
Q

Polychaeta is a paraphyletic class

A

true

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25
Q

Oligochaeta and Hirudinidaform a monophyletic group called

A

Clitellata

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26
Q

Some now consider
to be an annelid class containing oligochaetes and leeches as orders

A

Clitellata

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27
Q
  • Largest class of annelids *Important part of marine food chains
  • Well-differentiated head with sense
    organs
    *parapodia
    *No clitellum
  • Many setae arranged in bundles on parapodia
A

Class Polychaeta

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28
Q
  • Paired appendages called ____
    on most segments in Class Polychaeta
    Many setae arranged in bundles on
A

parapodia

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29
Q
  • Sedentary polychaetes mainly tube
A
  • living
30
Q
  • Errant polychaetes may be free
A
  • moving, burrowing, or crawling
31
Q

Often bears eyes, tentacles, and sensory palps

A

Prostomium

32
Q

Prostomium may or may not be retractile

A

Class Polychaeta

33
Q

Class Polychaeta
Ciliary feeders may bear a _____ that opens like a fan but can be withdrawn into the tube

A

tentacular crown

34
Q

Class Polychaeta
Most segments of trunk bear ____ with lobes, cirri, setae, and other parts
Aid crawling, swimming, and anchor worm in a tube

A

parapodia

35
Q

⚬ Most have parapodia and gills for gaseous exchange
⚬ Excretory organs vary, from protonephridia to metanephridia, and mixed forms
⚬ Polychaetes have no permanent sex organs
⚬ Monoecious

A

Class Polychaeta

36
Q

Class Polychaeta
⚬ Errant polychaetes
⚬ Live in mucus-lined burrows near low tide level
⚬ Come out of hiding places at night to search for food

A

Clam Worms: Nereis

37
Q

Class Polychaeta
⚬ Prostomium bears a pair of palps sensitive to touch and taste, a pair of short sensory tentacles, and two small dorsal eyes sensitive to light
⚬ Peristomium has a ventral mouth, a pair of jaws, and four pairs of sensory tentacles

A

Clam Worms: Nereis

38
Q

Class Polychaeta
⚬ Belong to the family Polynoidae
⚬ Flattened bodies are covered with broad scales
⚬ Some are large, all are carnivores and some are commensals in burrows of other organisms

A

Scale worms

39
Q

Class Polychaeta
Have hollow, brittle setae that contain poisonous secretions
Feed on cnidarians

A

Fireworms

40
Q

Class Polychaeta
⚬ Unfurl tentacular crowns to feed
⚬ Food moved from radioles to mouth by ciliary action

A

Fanworms

41
Q

Class Polychaeta
⚬ Tube-dwellers
⚬ May line their burrows with mucus
⚬ Use cilia or mucus to obtain food

A

Tubeworms

42
Q

Class Polychaeta
⚬ Lives in a U-shaped tube
⚬ Modified segments pump water through tube

A

Parchment Worms

43
Q

Class Oligochaeta
* Few are marine or parasitic
*Nearly all bear setae
⚬ Fewer in number than in polychaetes
* Lack parapodia and have few setae
* Lack the distinctive head region of polychaetes and have no eyes.
* Scavengers that consume soil that contains organic matter

A

Earthworm

44
Q

Class Oligochaeta
* The ingested soil moves into a storage chamber called the crop, then to an area called the gizzard, where grinding action breaks down the soil particles.
* Undigested material passes out the anus ina form called castings, which are prized as soil fertilizer.

A

Earthworm

45
Q

Earthworms Sometimes called

A

“night crawlers”

46
Q

Earthworms Reproduction

A

copulation takes place at night when there is warmth and increase moisture.
Fertilization is internal within the cocoon.
* Direct development, no larvae.
* Young worms lack clitellum.

47
Q

transport Eggs where they are discharged by ovaries into coelomic cavity in earthworms

A

Ciliated funnels

48
Q

Two pairs of seminal receptacles receive and store sperm in earthworms

A

true

49
Q

Earthworm Sperm produced by testes mature in seminal vesicles and pass into _______

A

sperm ducts

50
Q

Clitellata
Divided into 3 orders

A

Leeches

51
Q

order of ‘true” leeches

A

Hirudinea

52
Q

⚬ Mostly freshwater, some marine or terrestrial
⚬ Dorsoventrally flattened
⚬ Usually both anterior and posterior sucker
⚬ No parapodia
⚬ Usually no setae
⚬ Feed on body juices of prey
Hermaphroditic

A

Hirudinea

53
Q

Leeches have Fixed number of __ segments

A

34

54
Q

￭ Have a muscular pharynx and three jaws with teeth

A

Hirudinea

55
Q

appears only during breeding season in leeches

A

Clitellum

56
Q

Clade Clitellata Respiration and Excretion
⚬ Some fish leeches have

A

gills

57
Q

⚬ All other leeches exchange gases across ________

A

epidermis

58
Q

Clade Clitellata Respiration and Excretion
⚬______pairs of nephridia

A

10 to 17

59
Q

Clade Clitellata Respiration and Excretion
⚬ Coelomocytes and other special cells may assist in excretion

A

true

60
Q

Molluscs and annelids share many developmental features so are presumed to be closely related

A

true

61
Q

shared features of Molluscs and annelids are likely to be a retained ancestral feature for __________

A

lophotrochozoan protostomes

62
Q

Evolutionary Significance of Metamerism

A

No satisfactory explanation

63
Q

Coelom may have been advantageous as a

A

hydrostatic skeleton

64
Q

Coelomic fluid would have acted as a circulatory fluid and reduce need for______ everywhere

A

flame cells

65
Q

Coelom could store gametes for _______
Would require nervous and endocrine control

A

timed release

66
Q

Unlikely that segmentation is homologous among annelids, arthropods, and chordates

A

true

67
Q

Current evidence supports the hypothesis that segmentation arose independently multiple times

A

true

68
Q

are constrained by terrestrial soil environment

A

Class Oligochaetes

69
Q

inhabit a wide range of habitats

A

Class Polychaetes

70
Q

Septal arrangement with fluid-filled compartments has been varied for____

A

precise movements

71
Q

Feeding adaptations vary widely, from

A

chitinous jaws to specialized tentacles

72
Q

Leeches have developed both parasitic and predatory adaptations

A

true

SYSTEMATICS (12 decks)

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